Multifunctional Mediators in Plant Development and Stress Response

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Physiology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 3869

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
Interests: proline metabolism; amino acids; drought stress; plant development; proline–ROS interactions
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Guest Editor
Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems-National Research Council (IRET-CNR), 00015 Rome, Italy
Interests: plant molecular biology; plant physiology; plant development; phytoremediation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The developmental programs that regulate growth and differentiation in plants are controlled by plant hormones, such as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid. These hormones activate the expression of downstream master regulator genes that encode transcription factors and enzymes essential for plant development. However, as sessile organisms, plants are continuously exposed to environmental and developmental stresses that must be detected and counterbalanced to ensure normal growth and development. To this end, several multifunctional mediators, including amino acids, polyamines, polyphenols, sugars, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and small molecules, interact with key pathways to integrate downstream responses and fine-tune both developmental processes and stress responses. Understanding the multifunctional mediators that play critical roles in both plant development and stress resilience is essential for advancing agricultural practices and ensuring food security. This knowledge is of utmost importance to face the unprecedented threats posed by ongoing climate change. This Special Issue aims to explore the diverse roles of these mediators, including their physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms, as well as their practical applications.

Dr. Maurizio Trovato
Dr. Davide Marzi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • amino acids
  • polyphenols
  • polyamines
  • reactive oxygen species (ROS)
  • phytohormones
  • abiotic stress
  • plant development
  • plant physiology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2221 KiB  
Article
Overexpression of Peony PoWOX1 Promotes Callus Induction and Root Development in Arabidopsis thaliana
by Xue Zhang, Tao Hu, Yanting Chang, Mengsi Xia, Yanjun Ma, Yayun Deng, Zehui Jiang and Wenbo Zhang
Plants 2025, 14(12), 1857; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14121857 - 17 Jun 2025
Viewed by 337
Abstract
Plant-specific WUSCHEL (WUS)-related homeobox (WOX) family of transcription factors are involved in apical meristem maintenance, embryogenesis, lateral organ development, and hormone signaling. Among the members of this family, WOX1 is known to play essential roles in many species. However, the function of the [...] Read more.
Plant-specific WUSCHEL (WUS)-related homeobox (WOX) family of transcription factors are involved in apical meristem maintenance, embryogenesis, lateral organ development, and hormone signaling. Among the members of this family, WOX1 is known to play essential roles in many species. However, the function of the peony ‘Feng Dan’ (Paeonia ostii L.) WOX1 (PoWOX1) remains unknown. The initial bioinformatic analysis revealed that PoWOX1 belongs to the modern clade of the WOX gene family and has a highly conserved homeodomain (HD), the WUS motif, the STF-box, and the MAEWEST/WOX4-box. Subsequent heterologous overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that PoWOX1 promotes root growth, early shoot initiation, and flowering. The root vascular tissues, especially the arrangement and size of xylem cells, were different between the PoWOX1-overexpressing transgenics and the wild-type plants, and the pericycle cells adjacent to the xylem divided more easily in the transgenics than in the wild type. Furthermore, under in vitro conditions, the transgenic leaf explants exhibited more callus induction and differentiation than the wild-type leaf explants. Thus, the study’s findings provide novel insights into the role of PoWOX1 in promoting root development and callus tissue induction and differentiation, serving as a reference for developing an efficient regeneration system for the peony. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multifunctional Mediators in Plant Development and Stress Response)
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Review

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26 pages, 2185 KiB  
Review
Proline and ROS: A Unified Mechanism in Plant Development and Stress Response?
by Marco Renzetti, Dietmar Funck and Maurizio Trovato
Plants 2025, 14(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14010002 - 24 Dec 2024
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3158
Abstract
The proteinogenic amino acid proline plays crucial roles in both plant development and stress responses, far exceeding its role in protein synthesis. However, the molecular mechanisms and the relative importance of these additional functions of proline remain under study. It is well documented [...] Read more.
The proteinogenic amino acid proline plays crucial roles in both plant development and stress responses, far exceeding its role in protein synthesis. However, the molecular mechanisms and the relative importance of these additional functions of proline remain under study. It is well documented that both stress responses and developmental processes are associated with proline accumulation. Under stress conditions, proline is believed to confer stress tolerance, while under physiological conditions, it assists in developmental processes, particularly during the reproductive phase. Due to proline’s properties as a compatible osmolyte and potential reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, most of its beneficial effects have historically been attributed to the physicochemical consequences of its accumulation in plants. However, emerging evidence points to proline metabolism as the primary driver of these beneficial effects. Recent reports have shown that proline metabolism, in addition to supporting reproductive development, can modulate root meristem size by controlling ROS accumulation and distribution in the root meristem. The dynamic interplay between proline and ROS highlights a sophisticated regulatory network essential for plant resilience and survival. This fine-tuning mechanism, enabled by the pro-oxidant and antioxidant properties of compartmentalized proline metabolism, can modulate redox balance and ROS homeostasis, potentially explaining many of the multiple roles attributed to proline. This review uniquely integrates recent findings on the dual role of proline in both ROS scavenging and signaling, provides an updated overview of the most recent research published to date, and proposes a unified mechanism that could account for many of the multiple roles assigned to proline in plant development and stress defense. By focusing on the interplay between proline and ROS, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of this proposed mechanism and highlight the potential applications in improving crop resilience to environmental stress. Additionally, we address current gaps in understanding and suggest future research directions to further elucidate the complex roles of proline in plant biology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multifunctional Mediators in Plant Development and Stress Response)
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