Plants for Biodiversity and Sustainable Cities

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Ecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 1945

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Forestry Sciences and Nature Conservation, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
Interests: biodiversity conservation; urban ecology and landscape ecology

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Guest Editor
Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Universidad Central de Chile, Avenida Santa Isabel 1186, Santiago, Chile
Interests: urban biodiversity; urban landscape; urban plants

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plants are essential for biodiversity conservation and sustainability in urban landscapes. This Special Issue aims to publish research that contributes to understanding the benefits of plants in cities, towns, and urban regions, collecting a body of evidence that will aid in promoting biodiverse, healthier, and more resilient urban ecosystems.

Authors from different regions are welcome to submit their research.

Some examples of relevant topics include the following:

-The protection of remnants of native vegetation and the promotion of native plants in landscaping and urban greening projects to aid restoration, conservation, and/or sustainability efforts.

-Plant cover and diversity to increase green space resilience, the provision of ecosystem services, and/or the improvement in habitat conditions for wildlife in urban landscapes.

-Plant–animal interactions in urban landscapes (e.g., pollination, seed dispersal, herbivory, nesting sites, etc.).

-Ecosystem services provided by plants, such as improved air quality (e.g., release of oxygen and absorption of pollutants such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter), urban temperature regulation (e.g., shade provision and cooling through evapotranspiration), mitigation of urban heat islands, and management of stormwater runoff.

-Nature-based solutions focused on forests, greenspace, parks, green roofs, and/or wetlands in towns, cities, or urban regions to address societal challenges, simultaneously providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits.

Dr. Nélida R. Villaseñor
Prof. Dr. Javier A. Figueroa
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • greenspace
  • ecosystem services
  • nature-based solutions
  • plant cover
  • plant diversity
  • plant–animal interactions
  • urban biodiversity
  • urban ecology
  • urban sustainability
  • wildlife

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 4381 KiB  
Article
Silvicultural and Ecological Characteristics of Populus bolleana Lauche as a Key Introduced Species in the Urban Dendroflora of Industrial Cities
by Vladimir Kornienko, Valeriya Reuckaya, Alyona Shkirenko, Besarion Meskhi, Anastasiya Olshevskaya, Mary Odabashyan, Victoria Shevchenko and Svetlana Teplyakova
Plants 2025, 14(13), 2052; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14132052 - 4 Jul 2025
Viewed by 392
Abstract
In this work, we evaluated the silvicultural and ecological parameters of Populus bolleana Lauche trees growing in conditions of anthropogenic pollution, using the example of one of the largest megacities of the Donetsk ridge, the city of Donetsk. The objectives of this study [...] Read more.
In this work, we evaluated the silvicultural and ecological parameters of Populus bolleana Lauche trees growing in conditions of anthropogenic pollution, using the example of one of the largest megacities of the Donetsk ridge, the city of Donetsk. The objectives of this study included determining the level of anthropogenic load of the territory; conducting dendrological studies to assess morphometric and allometric parameters, age structure, and condition of P. bolleana stands under the influence of environmental factors; as well as completing biomechanical studies to assess and predict the mechanical stability of stands. A total of 1109 plants growing in areas with increased anthropogenic load and in the control areas were studied. The model territories of the study were located in the city of Donetsk on Fallen Communards Avenue (length of field routes: 2.6 km) and Ilyicha Avenue (length of field routes: 9.7 km). Control plantings grew on the territory of the Donetsk botanical garden and residential (dormitory) districts of the city. The age structure of P. bolleana plantations remained uniform throughout the city for 50–55 years due to the fact that the landscaping was under a single state program. In the steppe zone in the south of the East European Plain, with a high level of anthropogenic load and severe natural climatic factors, the critical age of P. bolleana (55 years) was determined. The condition of plantations and their morphometric indices correlate with the level of anthropogenic load of the city (H, Dbase, DBH). Under control conditions, the plants are in good condition with signs of weakening (2 points). Under conditions of increased anthropogenic load, the plants are in a severely weakened condition (3 points). A total of 25% of the plants in the sample are in critical condition (4–5 points). The main damages to the crowns and trunks of plants include core rot, mechanical damage to bark and tissues, the development of core rot through the affected skeletal branch, crown thinning, and drying. P. bolleana trees are valued for their crown area and ability to retain dust particles from the air. The analysis of experimentally obtained data on the crown area showed that in the initial phases of ontogenesis, the average deviation in the crown area of plants does not depend on the place of growth. Due to artificial narrowing and sanitary pruning of the crown, as well as skeletal branches dying along the busiest highways, the values do not exceed 22–23 m2 on average, with an allometric coefficient of 0.35–0.37. When comparing this coefficient in the control areas, the crown area in areas with a high level of anthropogenic load is 36 ± 11% lower. For trees growing under the conditions of the anthropogenic load of an industrial city and having reached the critical age, mechanical resistance varied depending on the study area and load level. At sites with a high level of pollution of the territory, a significant decrease in indicators was revealed in comparison with the control (mcr—71%, EI—75%, RRB—43%). Having analyzed all the obtained data, we can conclude that, until the age of 50–55 years, P. bolleana retains good viability, mechanical resistance, and general allometric ratios, upon which the stability of the whole plant depends. Even with modern approaches and tendencies toward landscaping with exotic introductions, it is necessary to keep P. bolleana as the main species in dendrobanocenoses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plants for Biodiversity and Sustainable Cities)
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17 pages, 7004 KiB  
Article
Solar Radiation Drives the Plant Species Distribution in Urban Built-Up Areas
by Heyi Wei, Bo Huang, Mingshu Wang and Xuejun Liu
Plants 2025, 14(4), 539; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14040539 - 10 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1116
Abstract
Urban areas serve as critical habitats for numerous plant species. Existing studies suggest that, due to human-mediated introductions, urban environments often harbor a greater variety of plant species compared to suburban areas, potentially becoming focal points for biodiversity. Consequently, investigating the driving forces [...] Read more.
Urban areas serve as critical habitats for numerous plant species. Existing studies suggest that, due to human-mediated introductions, urban environments often harbor a greater variety of plant species compared to suburban areas, potentially becoming focal points for biodiversity. Consequently, investigating the driving forces and complex mechanisms by which urban environmental factors influence plant species distribution is essential for establishing the theoretical foundation for urban biodiversity conservation and future urban planning and management. Solar radiation, among these factors, is a critical determinant of plant growth, development, and reproduction. However, there is a notable lack of research on how this factor affects the distribution of urban plant species and influences species’ richness and composition within plant communities. We present for the first time an analysis of how solar radiation drives the spatial distribution of plant species within the built-up areas of Nanchang City, China. Based on three years of monitoring and survey data from experimental sites, this study employs three evaluation models—Species Richness Index (R), Simpson’s Diversity Index (D), and Shannon–Wiener Index (H)—to analyze and validate the survey results. Additionally, MATLAB and ArcGIS Pro software are utilized for the numerical simulation and visualization of spatial data. Our study shows that areas with low solar radiation exhibit higher plant species richness, while plots with high plant diversity are primarily concentrated in regions with strong solar radiation. Moreover, the Diversity Index D proves to be more sensitive than the Shannon–Wiener Index (H) in evaluating the spatial distribution of plant species, making it a more suitable metric for studying urban plant diversity in our study area. Among the 18 plant species analyzed, Mulberry and Dandelion are predominantly dispersed by birds and wind, showing no significant correlation with solar radiation. This finding indicates that the spatial distribution of urban plant species is influenced by multiple interacting factors beyond solar radiation, highlighting the critical need for long-term observation, monitoring, and analysis. This study also suggests that shaded urban areas may serve as hubs of high species richness, while regions with relatively strong solar radiation can sustain greater plant diversity. These findings underscore the practical significance of this research, offering essential insights to guide urban planning and management strategies. Additionally, this study offers valuable insights for the future predictions of plant species distribution and potential areas of high plant diversity in various urban settings by integrating computational models, building data, Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), and land cover data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plants for Biodiversity and Sustainable Cities)
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