Femtosecond Lasers: Principles, Techniques and Applications

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732). This special issue belongs to the section "Lasers, Light Sources and Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2026 | Viewed by 1168

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, 1238 Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
Interests: femtosecond lasers; optical fiber sensors; nanotechnology; photonic integrated circuits
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, 1238 Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
Interests: atomic, molecular, and optical physics; electronics, sensors, and digital hardware; communications engineering; quantum physics; nanotechnology; electrical engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue titled “Femtosecond Lasers: Principles, Techniques and Applications”. Over recent decades, femtosecond laser technology has experienced rapid development, driven by advances in ultrafast optics, nonlinear light–matter interactions, and precision laser engineering. The generation of optical pulses with durations on the order of femtoseconds has enabled direct access to ultrafast physical, chemical, and biological processes occurring on previously inaccessible timescales. Femtosecond lasers are now indispensable tools across a wide range of scientific and technological domains. Their unique characteristics—such as ultrashort pulse duration, high peak intensity, and minimal thermal diffusion—have led to transformative applications in precision micro- and nanofabrication, biomedical imaging and surgery, spectroscopy, optical communications, and strong-field physics. At the same time, continued progress in laser sources, pulse shaping, stabilization techniques, and system integration continues to expand both the performance limits and application horizons of femtosecond laser systems. Given the interdisciplinary nature of femtosecond laser research, there is a growing need for a specialized platform that brings together advances in fundamental principles, enabling techniques, and emerging applications. This Special Issue aims to provide such a platform by collecting high-quality contributions that reflect the latest developments and future directions in this rapidly evolving field.

This Special Issue aims to present a comprehensive overview of recent progress in femtosecond laser science and technology, spanning fundamental principles, advanced experimental techniques, and diverse application areas. The scope of this Special Issue aligns well with the mission of Photonics, which focuses on cutting-edge research in light generation, manipulation, and application. By bringing together contributions from optics, photonics, materials science, engineering, and applied physics, this Special Issue seeks to foster interdisciplinary dialogue and highlight how femtosecond laser technologies continue to shape modern photonic systems and applications. Both fundamental studies and application-oriented works are encouraged, provided that they offer clear scientific insight or technological advancement relevant to the photonics community.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and review papers are welcome. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Fundamental principles of femtosecond laser generation and amplification;
  • Ultrafast pulse characterization, stabilization, and control techniques;
  • Nonlinear optics and strong-field interactions driven by femtosecond pulses;
  • Femtosecond laser–matter interaction mechanisms;
  • Micro- and nanofabrication using femtosecond lasers;
  • Biomedical and clinical applications of femtosecond laser systems;
  • Ultrafast spectroscopy and time-resolved measurement techniques;
  • Novel femtosecond laser sources and system integration;
  • Applications in optical sensing, imaging, and communication;
  • Emerging applications and interdisciplinary advances enabled by femtosecond lasers.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Kehao Zhao
Prof. Dr. Kevin P. Chen
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • femtosecond lasers
  • ultrafast optics
  • nonlinear optics
  • laser–matter interaction
  • ultrafast spectroscopy
  • micro- and nanofabrication
  • biomedical photonics
  • pulse shaping

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 2577 KB  
Communication
Ultrashort Pulses of 32 W and 207 fs at 1 MHz from a Compact All-Fiber Amplifier
by Xin Shao, Xianghao Meng, Tianmeng Jiao, Zhaoqing Gong, Jie Yang, Xianglong Zhao, Guangdao Yang, Yang Bi, Jiahui Chen and Pingxue Li
Photonics 2026, 13(3), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics13030240 - 28 Feb 2026
Viewed by 381
Abstract
We have demonstrated a high-power, polarization-maintaining all-fiber amplifier operating at a repetition rate of 1 MHz. The seed laser is a Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirror (SESAM) mode-locked oscillator with an 18.1 nm full width in half-maximum (FWHM) spectrum. The pulse duration is stretched [...] Read more.
We have demonstrated a high-power, polarization-maintaining all-fiber amplifier operating at a repetition rate of 1 MHz. The seed laser is a Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirror (SESAM) mode-locked oscillator with an 18.1 nm full width in half-maximum (FWHM) spectrum. The pulse duration is stretched to 1.1 ns using temperature-controlled chirped fiber Bragg gratings (TCFBGs) and subsequently amplified in a 40 µm core Yb-doped fiber, achieving a maximum output power of 37 W. The amplified laser exhibits excellent beam quality with an M2 factor of 1.04. The pulse duration is compressed to 207 fs in a single-grating compressor with 86% efficiency, yielding an average power of 32 W, a pulse energy of 32 µJ, and a peak power of 154.6 MW. This high-power all-fiber femtosecond laser is a promising source for scientific and industrial applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Femtosecond Lasers: Principles, Techniques and Applications)
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13 pages, 1335 KB  
Article
Charge-Asymmetric Dissociation of Iodine Bromide in an Intense Femtosecond Laser Field
by Botong Liu and Zhipeng Li
Photonics 2026, 13(2), 160; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics13020160 - 6 Feb 2026
Viewed by 375
Abstract
The mechanism of charge partitioning during Coulomb explosion, especially via charge-asymmetric dissociation (CAD) pathways, remains a key question in strong-field molecular dynamics. We present an experimental and theoretical study of CAD in the heteronuclear diatomic molecule iodine bromide (IBr) driven by 800 nm [...] Read more.
The mechanism of charge partitioning during Coulomb explosion, especially via charge-asymmetric dissociation (CAD) pathways, remains a key question in strong-field molecular dynamics. We present an experimental and theoretical study of CAD in the heteronuclear diatomic molecule iodine bromide (IBr) driven by 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses. Using dc-sliced ion velocity map imaging, we measured the kinetic energy releases of fragment ions Ip+ (p = 1–4) and Brq+ (q = 1–3), observing both charge-symmetric (CSD) and charge-asymmetric (CAD) dissociation channels. A unified model combining charge-resonance-enhanced ionization (CREI) with a classical over-the-barrier (COB) picture is introduced, which accounts quantitatively for the observed channels. The findings reveal the correlated electron–nuclear dynamics in IBr during Coulomb explosion, advance the understanding of strong-field dissociation in heteronuclear systems, and contribute to the analysis of ultrafast charge transfer in molecules. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Femtosecond Lasers: Principles, Techniques and Applications)
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