PET/CT for Diagnosis, Treatment Planning and Prognosis Prediction in Oncology and Inflammatory Diseases

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Radiopharmaceutical Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 644

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute—FPO—IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
Interests: PET/CT; theragnostics; prostate cancer; lymphoma; thyroid cancer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the swiftly advancing domain of functional imaging, novel radiopharmaceuticals are emerging as new headliners in the rapidly evolving fields of oncologic and inflammatory diseases, trying to bring the promise of a patient-tailored medicine to reality.

In this setting, new-generation radiopharmaceuticals are assuming great relevance both in studying different features of the disease, such as the tumour stroma in place of cancer cells’ metabolism through radiolabelled fibroblast activation protein inhibitors, and in treatment planning, individuating and quantifying the expression of specific therapeutic targets (e.g., PD-L1) in order to modulate treatments and predict their success.

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue,  PET/CT for Diagnosis, Treatment Planning and Prognosis Prediction in Oncology and Inflammatory Diseases, which aims to collect the most interesting papers on the applications of novel radiopharmaceuticals in oncologic and inflammatory diseases.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Pre-clinical or clinical studies, experimental or observational studies, and senior or young investigators will be considered for publication.

Dr. Alessio Rizzo
Prof. Dr. Giorgio Treglia
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • nuclear medicine
  • PET/CT
  • radiopharmaceuticals
  • theragnostics
  • oncology
  • inflammation
  • personalised medicine

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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13 pages, 3924 KiB  
Systematic Review
Meta-Analysis on the Prevalence and Significance of Incidental Findings in the Thyroid Gland Using Other PET Radiopharmaceuticals Beyond [18F]FDG
by Cesare Michele Iacovitti, Domenico Albano, Alessio Rizzo, Arnoldo Piccardo, Marco Cuzzocrea, Gaetano Paone, Pierpaolo Trimboli and Giorgio Treglia
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(5), 723; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18050723 - 15 May 2025
Viewed by 319
Abstract
Background: Meta-analyses on the prevalence and significance of thyroid incidentalomas at PET (TIP) are available only about [18F]FDG. Focal TIP at [18F]FDG PET is not rare and may be malignant lesions in about one-third of cases. The aim [...] Read more.
Background: Meta-analyses on the prevalence and significance of thyroid incidentalomas at PET (TIP) are available only about [18F]FDG. Focal TIP at [18F]FDG PET is not rare and may be malignant lesions in about one-third of cases. The aim of this study is to perform a meta-analysis on the prevalence and clinical significance of TIP using other PET radiotracers beyond [18F]FDG. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of studies about TIP was carried out using four different databases, screened until 31 December 2024. Only original articles about TIP using radiopharmaceuticals other than [18F]FDG were selected. A proportion meta-analysis on the prevalence and clinical significance of TIP was carried out on a patient-based analysis using a random-effects model. Results: 21 studies (29,409 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. PET was performed using radiolabeled somatostatin analogues (SSA) [n = 5], choline [n = 6], prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) [n = 7], or fibroblast activation protein inhibitors (FAPI) [n = 3]. The uptake pattern of TIP was described as focal, diffuse, or mixed/heterogeneous. The pooled prevalence of TIP was 5.6% for SSA-PET, 6.1% for choline-PET, 4.2% for PSMA-PET, and 3.6% for FAPI-PET. The final diagnosis of TIP with a diffuse pattern was a benign condition or represented a physiological uptake. Conversely, TIP with focal or mixed/heterogeneous pattern may represent a benign condition in most cases, but even a malignant lesion in 6–10% of cases. Conclusions: As for [18F]FDG, TIP using other radiopharmaceuticals is not rare. Most of them are benign, but those with focal or heterogeneous uptake patterns may represent a malignant lesion in some cases (even if the risk of malignancy is lower compared to [18F]FDG PET), thus requiring further evaluation. Further studies are warranted to better clarify the clinical impact of TIP detection. Full article
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