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Diagnostics
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Advances in Inflammation and Infection Imaging: 2nd Edition
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Advances in Inflammation and Infection Imaging: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2026 | Viewed by 1345

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Giorgio Treglia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Centre, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
Interests: PET; nuclear medicine; hybrid imaging; meta-analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Infectious and inflammatory diseases include a large group of malignancies with different etiologies. An infection is the invasion of a host organism by microorganisms such as viruses, prions, bacteria, or viroids, as well as larger organisms such as parasites or fungal organisms. After invasion, these organisms may multiply and produce toxins. Hosts can fight infections using their immune system, usually producing inflammation.

Inflammation is part of the complex biological response by the organism to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Inflammation is not a synonym for infection; we almost always suffer from inflammation associated with an infection, but we do not always have an infection if there is inflammation.

Several imaging methods are showing potential in the early, non-invasive detection of infectious and inflammatory diseases; in particular, molecular imaging methods may prove highly useful in the measurement of cellular and molecular processes related to infectious and inflammatory diseases in living subjects.

This Special Issue will highlight advances in imaging methods in infectious and inflammatory diseases, particularly in diagnosis and assessing responses to therapy. Researchers are encouraged to submit both preclinical and clinical studies in this field. Clinical studies may include systematic or narrative reviews or retrospective or prospective studies emphasizing the role of, and need for, imaging techniques in infectious or inflammatory diseases.

Prof. Dr. Giorgio Treglia
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • imaging
  • infection
  • inflammation
  • radiology
  • nuclear medicine
  • molecular imaging
  • hybrid imaging

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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17 pages, 2776 KB  
Article
The Prognostic Value of Biomarkers Identified by [18F]FDG-PET/CT in Patients with High-Risk Melanoma Treated with Adjuvant Immunotherapy
by Anne-Line Mayland Madsen, Oke Gerke, Christina H. Ruhlmann, Malene Grubbe Hildebrandt and Sambavy Nadaraja
Diagnostics 2026, 16(1), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16010079 - 25 Dec 2025
Viewed by 797
Abstract
Background: Adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy improves recurrence-free survival (RFS) in high-risk melanoma, but many patients experience adverse events. 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography [18F]FDG-PET/CT has been proposed to identify biomarkers that may predict outcome of treatment. Objectives [...] Read more.
Background: Adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy improves recurrence-free survival (RFS) in high-risk melanoma, but many patients experience adverse events. 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography [18F]FDG-PET/CT has been proposed to identify biomarkers that may predict outcome of treatment. Objectives: The aim of this register-based study was to investigate the prognostic value of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), spleen-to-liver ratio (SLR), and bone marrow-to-liver ratio (BLR), detected by [18F]FDG-PET/CT. Methods: This retrospective, register-based cohort study included 122 patients with radically resected stage III–IV melanoma treated with adjuvant anti-PD-1. Patient data were extracted from a Danish register, and measurements for SLR and BLR were made using an AI model. Cox regression models were made on irAEs and BLR to assess associations with RFS and overall survival (OS). Results: Over half of the patients experienced recurrence, and one quarter died during follow-up of 4 ¾ years. Seventy-four percent exhibited at least one PET-detected irAE. This study found no association between irAEs and OS. Regarding RFS, our findings suggest an increased risk of recurrence for the presence of irAEs within the first 1.5 years of follow-up (HR: 2.93, CI: 1.10–7.84, p = 0.032). BLR and SLR were not associated with RFS or OS in multivariable models. Conclusions: This study did not confirm the findings of a positive association between irAEs and survival found in previous studies. PET-detected irAEs were common in the study population, but did not predict OS, while early-onset irAEs were linked to increased recurrence risk. Neither SLR nor BLR demonstrated prognostic value. Further research is needed to clarify the clinical utility of PET-derived biomarkers, especially in the adjuvant setting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Inflammation and Infection Imaging: 2nd Edition)
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5 pages, 463 KB  
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Unveiling Hidden Abscesses: The Clinical Utility of Diffusion-Weighted Whole-Body Imaging with Background Suppression (DWIBS) in Metastatic Abscess Screening
by Koji Hayashi, Maho Hayashi, Rina Izumi, Mamiko Sato, Seigaku Hayashi, Toshiko Iwasaki, Ippei Sakamaki and Yasutaka Kobayashi
Diagnostics 2026, 16(2), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16020223 - 10 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 320
Abstract
A 74-year-old man with type 2 diabetes presented with fever, urinary retention, and urinary difficulties. Initial abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) suggested acute pyelonephritis, but a low-density area in the prostate was overlooked. Following the confirmation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in blood and [...] Read more.
A 74-year-old man with type 2 diabetes presented with fever, urinary retention, and urinary difficulties. Initial abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) suggested acute pyelonephritis, but a low-density area in the prostate was overlooked. Following the confirmation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in blood and urine cultures, comprehensive screening for metastatic abscesses was necessitated. Diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background suppression (DWIBS) was utilized and clearly identified a prostatic abscess (PA), nephritis, urethritis, and subcutaneous cysts. These findings also raised suspicion of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. Crucially, the PA, urethritis, subcutaneous cysts, and potentially the vertebral osteomyelitis were either overlooked or not detected by initial CT imaging. DWIBS allows for simultaneous whole-body screening and serves as a useful adjunctive tool for identifying minute abscesses, which may assist in detecting inflammatory foci that are sometimes overlooked by conventional imaging. Unlike CT, DWIBS avoids radiation and contrast agents, and is significantly more cost-effective than positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT). DWIBS can thus serve as a useful, non-invasive tool for the early detection and exclusion of abscesses in other organs when metastatic abscess formation is suspected or cultures are positive for microorganisms causing metastatic abscesses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Inflammation and Infection Imaging: 2nd Edition)
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