Potential Pharmacotherapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Diseases

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2026 | Viewed by 907

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PeQuiM—Laboratório de Pesquisa em Química Medicinal, Campus Santa Clara—Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Brasil
Interests: drug design for neurodegenerative diseases; multi-target directed ligands; multifunctional ligands; anti-neuroinflammatory drug candidates and neuroprotection; inflammation; pain; cancer; neglected diseases; psychiatric diseases
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neurological and neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a group of disabling illnesses, including some chronic and incurable pathologies, that represent some of the biggest current challenges in medicine, medicinal chemistry, and other health sciences. These diseases comprise a vast group of neuronal disorders that include depression, schizophrenia, autism, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and others, today representing a great socio-economic impact. Regarding neurodegenerative disease, it is estimated that more than 50 million are suffering from some neurological disease worldwide, and in the case of NDs, aging is one of the main risk factors. Notably, all advances attained through medicine and technology have led to an improved human life quality and crescent longevity, especially in the most developed regions of the world. Thus, the epidemiological statistics related to NDs are expected to rise in the coming years. The etiology of such neurological and neurodegenerative diseases are not fully understood, but there is a current consensus that the onset and progression of almost all of them are associated with multifactorial conditions, including genetic predisposition, environmental aspects, epigenetics, inflammation, oxidative stress, and selective neuronal vulnerability. The biochemical and cellular basis of such neurological manifestations have been intensively studied over the last decades, and significant advances have been reached, with deeper learning about their pathogenesis and several newly approved drugs and new therapeutic practices. The complex multifactorial-based pathogenesis of NDs is mainly characterized by protein misfolding, oxidative stress, neuronal loss, and neuroinflammation. Therefore, in recent decades, most of the research projects developed in the academia and pharma inducstries have been dedicated to a better understanding of cellular and signaling changes related to such diseases, as well as to the identification of molecular targets that could be effectively modulated in diverse mechanisms of actions and could lead to the discovery and development of innovative disease-modifying drugs. Thus, considering the lack of efficacy from the available medicines for the treatment of NDs and other neurological conditions, and given that neuroinflammation, autophagy, and oxidative stress play key roles in their pathophysiology, the development of new drug candidate prototypes, considering new molecular targets, higher chemical diversity, and diverse mechanisms of actions, including the modulation of multiple targets addressing anti-neuroinflammation and neuroprotection, could represent a great revolution in drug development and therapeutics.

Prof. Dr. Cláudio Viegas-Junior
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • neuroinflammation
  • neuroprotection
  • molecular targets
  • therapeutic drugs

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

19 pages, 417 KB  
Review
Analytical Biomarkers for Inflammation Status Monitoring of Psychotropic and Antiepileptic Drugs
by Wiktoria Jiers, Karina Sommerfeld-Klatta, Mehmet Gumustas, Paul Mozdziak, Magdalena Łukasik-Głębocka, Artur Teżyk, Zbigniew Żaba, Czesław Żaba and Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(8), 1213; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18081213 - 17 Aug 2025
Viewed by 531
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing amount of research has investigated the impact of chronic inflammation on the development and progression of both neurological and psychiatric disorders, including epilepsy, depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Moreover, growing attention is being paid to how inflammatory processes [...] Read more.
In recent years, an increasing amount of research has investigated the impact of chronic inflammation on the development and progression of both neurological and psychiatric disorders, including epilepsy, depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Moreover, growing attention is being paid to how inflammatory processes contribute to disease mechanisms, influence symptom severity, and interact with pharmacological treatments in these conditions. Changes in the levels of inflammatory biomarkers, such as cytokines and C-reactive protein, may signal the early stages of neurological disorder development. Furthermore, specific biomarker profiles have been identified for individual diseases, and chronic treatment may affect their blood levels. Over the last two decades, significant progress in the study of inflammatory biomarkers in psychiatric disorders and epilepsy has been achieved, demonstrating an association between biomarkers with symptoms, a potential prognostic role, and possible use in personalising therapy. Furthermore, widely used methods for biomarker evaluation, such as immunoenzymatic assays and flow cytometry, remain essential tools for current research. Despite numerous indications of the importance of inflammation in psychiatry and neurology, the available studies are characterised by considerable heterogeneity in terms of both population selection and methodology. Based on the available data, inflammatory biomarkers represent a promising diagnostic and therapeutic tool for epilepsy and psychiatric disorders. Although existing studies suggest a correlation between inflammation and the symptoms of various disorders, inconsistent results highlight the need for further research to enable wider implementation of these findings in psychiatric and epilepsy practice. Advancing knowledge of inflammatory biomarkers is essential for improving treatment outcomes and promoting the development of targeted interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Potential Pharmacotherapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Diseases)
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