The Current Drug Discovery Landscape for Chagas Disease, HAT and Leishmaniasis: Target Validation and Chemotherapy

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Medicinal Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2024) | Viewed by 1297

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Guest Editor
Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Planejamento de Fármacos, Biochemistry and Immunology Departament, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
Interests: drug discovery; docking; cruzain

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to release the new Special Issue of Pharmaceuticals, entitled “The Current Drug Discovery Landscape for Chagas Disease, HAT and Leishmaniasis: Target Validation and Chemotherapy”. Our focus on these neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is motivated by the limited therapeutic options available for their treatment, a state which persists despite the high impact of these diseases worldwide. Limited treatment efficacy, parasite resistance, and severe adverse effects are some of the problems which must be overcome by novel treatments.

Over the past years, public–private partnerships and academic consortiums have developed drug candidates and brought new therapies to the populations affected by NTDs. Examples from the past five years include the approval of Fexinidazole as a novel orally available for treating HAT caused by T. b. gambiense, and the successful treatment of patients with visceral leishmaniasis using a combination of miltefosine and paromomycin. Nevertheless, unmet needs remain. There are still no drugs which are effective in the chronic stage of Chagas disease, with very few drug candidates under consideration, and a similar scenario can be observed for cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.

Given the importance of developing novel therapies for Chagas disease, HAT, and leishmaniasis, we welcome authors to submit studies to this Special Issue and report on potential new drug candidates or contribute to the characterization and validation of molecular targets. Authors should contribute with their most recent results, or with reviews related to these topics. We look forward to receiving your contribution. 

Prof. Dr. Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • kinetoplastids
  • drug discovery
  • molecular targets
  • Chagas disease
  • human African trypanosomiasis
  • leishmaniasis

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 11080 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Methoxylated Cinnamides and Their Antileishmanial Activity against the Leishmania braziliensis Species
by Fabíola Suelen dos Santos, Rossimiriam Pereira de Freitas, Camila Simões de Freitas, Débora Vasconcelos Costa Mendonça, Daniela Pagliara Lage, Grasiele de Sousa Vieira Tavares, Amanda Sanchez Machado, Vivian Tamieti Martins, Adilson Vidal Costa, Vagner Tebaldi de Queiroz, Mariana Belizario de Oliveira, Fabrício Marques de Oliveira, Luciana Maria Ribeiro Antinarelli, Elaine Soares Coimbra, Eduardo Jorge Pilau, Geovane Perez da Silva, Eduardo Antonio Ferraz Coelho and Róbson Ricardo Teixeira
Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16(8), 1113; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16081113 - 07 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 999
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of infectious diseases caused by protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Leishmania. Currently, there is no human vaccine, and the available treatments are associated with toxicity, high cost, and the emergence of resistant strains. These factors highlight [...] Read more.
Leishmaniasis is a group of infectious diseases caused by protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Leishmania. Currently, there is no human vaccine, and the available treatments are associated with toxicity, high cost, and the emergence of resistant strains. These factors highlight the need to identify new antileishmanial candidates. In this study, we synthesized twenty-four methoxylated cinnamides containing 1,2,3-triazole fragments and evaluated their antileishmanial activity against the Leishmania braziliensis species, which is the main etiological agent responsible for American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL). The cinnamides were synthetically prepared using nucleophilic acyl substitution and copper(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions. The compounds were characterized using infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectrometry techniques. We performed preliminary studies to evaluate the biological activity of these compounds against L. braziliensis promastigotes and axenic amastigotes. Compound 28, N-((1-(7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl) methyl)-3,4-dimethoxy cinnamide, demonstrated relevant antileishmanial activity with low toxicity in murine cells. The selectivity index values for this compound were superior compared with data obtained using amphotericin B. Furthermore, this cinnamide derivative reduced the infection percentage and number of recovered amastigotes in L. braziliensis-infected macrophages. It also induced an increase in reactive oxygen species production, depolarization of the mitochondrial potential, and disruption of the parasite membrane. Taken together, these findings suggest that this synthetic compound holds potential as an antileishmanial candidate and should be considered for future studies in the treatment of ATL. Full article
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