Emerging and Re-Emerging Human Infectious Diseases

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2026) | Viewed by 10206

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Guest Editor
1. Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas-Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira 660003, Risaralda, Colombia
2. Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 4861, Peru
Interests: dengue; avian influenza; Mpox; COVID-19; yellow fever; emerging diseases
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases continue to challenge global health systems, driven by complex interactions among ecological disruption, microbial evolution, population growth, global travel, and socioeconomic inequalities. From the resurgence of diseases such as measles and tuberculosis to the emergence of novel threats such as SARS-CoV-2, mpox, and Nipah virus, the global landscape of infectious diseases is becoming increasingly dynamic and unpredictable. This Special Issue, “Emerging and Re-Emerging Human Infectious Diseases”, will showcase state-of-the-art research and expert insights into the drivers of disease emergence, innovations in surveillance and diagnostics, and strategies for prevention and response. By bringing together perspectives from epidemiology, clinical medicine, public health, and the One Health approach, this Special Issue will advance our understanding of these threats and inform evidence-based policies and practices to mitigate their impact on a global scale.

Prof. Dr. Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • dengue
  • Mpox
  • COVID-19
  • avian influenza
  • oropouche
  • yellow fever

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 3552 KB  
Article
Long-Term Trends and Determinants of Tuberculosis Burden in China, 1990–2023: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
by Yingxing Wang, Guozhong He, Hoiman Ng, Chaoxi Niu, Rong Li, Furong Zhang, Ruimei Shi, Xingyue Dian, Qingping Ma and Zhong Sun
Pathogens 2026, 15(3), 295; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15030295 - 8 Mar 2026
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge in China despite substantial long-term progress. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023, this study reassessed trends and determinants of TB burden in China from 1990 to 2023. Age-standardized incidence, mortality, and [...] Read more.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge in China despite substantial long-term progress. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023, this study reassessed trends and determinants of TB burden in China from 1990 to 2023. Age-standardized incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates were analyzed using estimated annual percentage change, age–period–cohort modeling, and demographic decomposition, with comparative risk assessment to quantify behavioral and metabolic contributions. Between 1990 and 2023, age-standardized incidence, mortality, and DALY rates declined by approximately 73.24%, 94.00%, and 92.40%, respectively. Negative net and local drift values indicated sustained reductions across age groups; however, the decline slowed after 2021, with a modest rebound in incidence. Since 2015, reductions in incidence have been more moderate than the pace required to achieve the 2035 End TB Strategy targets. Decomposition analysis demonstrated that improvements in age-specific rates were the primary drivers of long-term reductions, whereas demographic shifts—particularly population aging—partially offset these gains. The burden increasingly shifted toward older adults, and males consistently experienced higher rates than females. Tobacco and alcohol use contributed substantially to sex differentials, while undernutrition and metabolic disorders remained relevant risk factors. These findings indicate that China’s TB epidemic has entered a phase shaped by demographic aging and evolving risk structures, requiring sustained and adaptive control efforts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Re-Emerging Human Infectious Diseases)
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Review

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17 pages, 1502 KB  
Review
Perspectives on the History and Epidemiology of the Varicella Virus Vaccine and Future Challenges
by Masayuki Nagasawa
Pathogens 2025, 14(8), 813; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14080813 - 16 Aug 2025
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Abstract
The varicella attenuated virus vaccine, developed in Japan in the 1970s, has dramatically reduced the number of pediatric chickenpox cases over the past 30 years due to its widespread use. However, a small number of cases of chickenpox, shingles, aseptic meningitis, and acute [...] Read more.
The varicella attenuated virus vaccine, developed in Japan in the 1970s, has dramatically reduced the number of pediatric chickenpox cases over the past 30 years due to its widespread use. However, a small number of cases of chickenpox, shingles, aseptic meningitis, and acute retinal necrosis caused by vaccine strains have been reported. There are also issues that need to be addressed, such as breakthrough infections and the persistence of the preventive effect of vaccination. In addition, there is the possibility of the emergence of revertants or mutations in the vaccine strain. In recent years, subunit vaccines have been developed, their immune-stimulating effects have been demonstrated, and they are being applied clinically. In addition, development of an mRNA varicella vaccine is underway. In this review, the history and impact of the varicella vaccine are overviewed, as well as its future challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Re-Emerging Human Infectious Diseases)
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