Understanding Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Infections

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 July 2026 | Viewed by 3682

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University Center for Health Science (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
Interests: dengue; Zika; SARS-CoV-2; herpes simplex; enterovirus
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases have a significant impact on public health and the economy. These viral infections represent a growing health problem. Over the past two decades, an alarming increase in viral infections has caused a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) to be declared by the World Health Organization: H1N1, polio, Ebola on two occasions, Zika, COVID-19, and mpox on two occasions. Additionally, other viruses have a high impact on global public health, including the Lassa, Marburg, Dengue, Yellow fever, Nipah, Chikungunya, SARS, MERS, and Hendra viruses. The emergence and re-emergence of viral infections heighten the need to develop new treatments, vaccine designs, diagnostic methods, and prevention strategies.

In this Special Issue of Pathogens, attention will be given to new advances in emerging and re-emerging viral infections. Of particular interest are studies that focus on zoonotic diseases, characterization, pathogenesis, immune response, epidemiology, vaccines, new drugs, clinical aspects, diagnosis, prevention, control measures, and One Health related to the emergence or re-emergence of pathogens. We welcome all types of manuscripts, including reviews/meta-analyses, original research articles, short communications, case reports, and opinions. Topics may include (but are not restricted to) the following:

  1. New diagnostics;
  2. Host–pathogen interactions;
  3. Evolution and adaptation;
  4. Drug development;
  5. Vaccines;
  6. New diagnostic tools;
  7. Public health (epidemiology and surveillance);
  8. One Health approaches.

Dr. Jose Angel Regla Nava
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • diagnosis
  • pathogenesis
  • evolution
  • epidemiology
  • drugs
  • vaccines

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 761 KB  
Article
Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of an Oropouche Virus Outbreak in Loreto, Peru (October 2024–March 2025)
by Miguel Ángel Rojo-Pérez, Edgar A. Ramírez-García and Jara Llenas-García
Pathogens 2026, 15(1), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15010119 - 21 Jan 2026
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1557
Abstract
Oropouche virus (OROV) has emerged as a significant arboviral pathogen in South America, responsible for recurrent outbreaks of febrile illness. In the Loreto region of Peru, more than 600 cases were reported in 2024, markedly exceeding expected incidence rates. We conducted a retrospective [...] Read more.
Oropouche virus (OROV) has emerged as a significant arboviral pathogen in South America, responsible for recurrent outbreaks of febrile illness. In the Loreto region of Peru, more than 600 cases were reported in 2024, markedly exceeding expected incidence rates. We conducted a retrospective observational study using clinical–epidemiological records of all RT-qPCR-confirmed cases of Oropouche fever from the Regional Health Directorate of Loreto between October 2024 and March 2025. A total of 100 confirmed cases were identified. The most frequent symptoms were fever (88%), headache (78%), and myalgia (72%). No atypical or neurological presentations were reported. No severe cases or deaths occurred. Eight patients required hospitalization, mainly due to severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, arthralgia, and pregnancy. Six pregnant women were identified; three experienced pregnancy complications, though no fetal malformations or miscarriages were observed. This outbreak represents a new OROV epidemic in the region, with fewer cases than in 2024 and predominantly mild clinical courses. Although outcomes were generally favorable, the occurrence of complications in pregnant women underscores the importance of continued molecular surveillance and targeted public health interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Infections)
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Review

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21 pages, 4069 KB  
Review
Epidemiological Characteristics of Dengue Disease in Mexico (2014–2025): A Descriptive Analysis of a Hyperendemic Country
by Rosa Cremades, Elena Sandoval-Pinto, Ana Maria Ortega-Prieto, Jose M. Jimenez-Guardeño, Héctor Raúl Pérez-Gómez, Juan Carlos Lona Reyes, Erick Sierra-Díaz and Jose Angel Regla-Nava
Pathogens 2026, 15(2), 190; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15020190 - 8 Feb 2026
Viewed by 1403
Abstract
Dengue is considered the most prevalent mosquito-borne arboviral disease worldwide, representing a public health challenge as its incidence has tripled in the last 30 years. The World Health Organization reports 390 million infections annually in more than 129 countries, with approximately 96 million [...] Read more.
Dengue is considered the most prevalent mosquito-borne arboviral disease worldwide, representing a public health challenge as its incidence has tripled in the last 30 years. The World Health Organization reports 390 million infections annually in more than 129 countries, with approximately 96 million symptomatic cases and around 40,000 deaths. Mexico is a hyperendemic country, with high prevalence and significant outbreaks. In 2024, a surge was observed, with approximately 125,000 infections and nearly 480 deaths. The states with the most cases and deaths were Colima and Jalisco, respectively, placing significant strain on healthcare services and driving up costs. The disease’s epidemiology from 2014 to 2025 is characterized by marked seasonality and periodicity, and by the simultaneous circulation of all four serotypes. In recent years, a notable increase in DENV-3 has been observed. In 2025, there were 21,981 confirmed cases; Sonora recorded the highest incidence, while Jalisco and Sinaloa reported the highest number of deaths. This study provides a unique decadal analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of dengue in Mexico, highlighting potential challenges and emphasizing the importance of epidemiological surveillance and future approaches, such as vaccine provision in the country, to mitigate the high mortality rate and associated costs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Infections)
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