Oral | Special Issue : Exclusive Papers of the Editorial Board Members of Oral

Editorial

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8 pages, 168 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Editorial for Special Issue “Exclusive Papers of the Editorial Board Members of Oral”

by Giuseppina Campisi

Oral 2024, 4(2), 274-281; https://doi.org/10.3390/oral4020022 - 18 Jun 2024

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Abstract

In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) released a landmark report on oral health, emphasizing the staggering global prevalence of oral disorders, which affect approximately 3 [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Papers of the Editorial Board Members of Oral)

Research

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11 pages, 2410 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceCommunication

Oral Toxicities in Cancer Patients, Who Receive Immunotherapy: A Case Series of 24 Patients

by Ourania Nicolatou-Galitis, Amanda Psyrri, Nikolaos Tsoukalas, Evangelos Galitis, Helena Linardou, Dimitra Galiti, Ilias Athansiadis, Despoina Kalapanida, Evangelia Razis, Nikolaos Katirtzoglou, Nikolaos Kentepozidis, Paraskevas Kosmidis, Flora Stavridi, Efthimios Kyrodimos, Danai Daliani, George Tsironis, Giannis Mountzios, Sofia Karageorgopoulou, Panagiotis Gouveris and Konstantinos Syrigos

Oral 2023, 3(1), 123-133; https://doi.org/10.3390/oral3010011 - 20 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3909

Abstract

The oral problems of 24 cancer patients on immunotherapy between 2017–2022 and referred by their oncologists, were reported. The age range was 49–80 years, and the median was 64 years. Lung cancer was the most common disease. Three patients a had history of [...] Read more.

The oral problems of 24 cancer patients on immunotherapy between 2017–2022 and referred by their oncologists, were reported. The age range was 49–80 years, and the median was 64 years. Lung cancer was the most common disease. Three patients a had history of autoimmune disease prior to cancer diagnosis. Patients received immunotherapy for two to 48 months. Prior to immunotherapy, 17 patients received cytotoxic chemotherapy, five angiogenesis inhibitors and one1 radiotherapy to head/neck. During immunotherapy, four patients received chemotherapy, one received bevacizumab, and eight received bone targeting agents, either alone or in combination. Presenting symptoms were oral pain (18 patients, 75%), dental pain (five patients), xerostomia (five patients), burning/itching (seven patients), bleeding (three patients), swelling (three patients), and taste problems (dysgeusia) (three patients). One patient was asymptomatic. Immune-related lesions were observed in 15 patients (62.50%), of which three were exacerbations of prior autoimmune disease. Three patients reported severe deterioration and itching after using a mouthwash. We also observed six (25%) infections (four candidiasis and two herpes simplex), and six (25.00%) cases of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Five of those MRONJ cases developed among the eight patients with the administration of bone targeting agents and one in a patient with bevacizumab. Two patients presented with more than one lesion. In conclusion, immune-related lesions were most common; oral infections and MRONJ were also observed. Various oral complications might be related to the interplay between immunotherapy and other therapies prior or concurrent to immunotherapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Papers of the Editorial Board Members of Oral)

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15 pages, 3588 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Masticatory Functionality in Post-Acute-COVID-Syndrome (PACS) Patients with and without Sarcopenia

by Bruno Davide Pugliese, Giovanna Garuti, Lucia Bergamini, Riccardo Karim Khamaisi, Giovanni Guaraldi, Ugo Consolo and Pierantonio Bellini

Oral 2023, 3(1), 77-91; https://doi.org/10.3390/oral3010008 - 3 Feb 2023

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Abstract

Musculoskeletal symptoms are common in both acute COVID-19 disease and post-acute sequelae (Post-Acute COVID Syndrome). The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there are reduced levels of masticatory function in patients with PACS (Post Acute COVID Syndrome) who suffer from sarcopenia, [...] Read more.

Musculoskeletal symptoms are common in both acute COVID-19 disease and post-acute sequelae (Post-Acute COVID Syndrome). The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there are reduced levels of masticatory function in patients with PACS (Post Acute COVID Syndrome) who suffer from sarcopenia, under the hypothesis that the latter may also involve the masticatory muscles. This study includes 23 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between February 2020 and April 2021 and currently suffering from PACS. Among these PACS patients, 13/23 (56%) suffer from sarcopenia, 5/23 (22%) complain of asthenia but do not suffer from sarcopenia and the remaining 5/23 (22%) do not present muscle symptoms (non-asthenic non-sarcopenic). Oral health indices of all patients were collected. The masticatory strength was assessed with a gnathodynamometer based on piezoresistive sensors, and the masticatory effectiveness was measured by administering the “chewing gum mixing ability test” by having patients perform 20 masticatory cycles on a two-color chewing gum and analyzing the outcome through the ViewGum© software. Moreover, we gathered data with a hand grip test and gait speed test. The data collected in this study show that PACS sarcopenic patients have decreased masticatory effectiveness and strength compared to PACS asthenic non-sarcopenic patients and PACS non-asthenic non-sarcopenic patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Papers of the Editorial Board Members of Oral)

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12 pages, 1128 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Onset of MRONJ in Breast Cancer Patients after Switching from Low to High Dose of Bone Modifying Agents Due to Bone Metastases Development: A Single Center Retrospective Cohort Study

by Rodolfo Mauceri, Martina Coppini and Giuseppina Campisi

Oral 2022, 2(4), 274-285; https://doi.org/10.3390/oral2040026 - 13 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1980

Abstract

Background: Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) is an adverse drug reaction mainly associated to bone modifying agents (BMAs). Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer worldwide. Its therapy can cause cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL), commonly treated with BMAs. The aims [...] Read more.

Background: Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) is an adverse drug reaction mainly associated to bone modifying agents (BMAs). Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer worldwide. Its therapy can cause cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL), commonly treated with BMAs. The aims of this retrospective study are: to describe characteristics of BC patients under BMAs for CTIBL; to record any switch to high-dose BMAs; to assess MRONJ onset and to identify any factors associated with it. Patients: Authors included patients referred for MRONJ prevention to the Unit of Oral Medicine (University Hospital of Palermo). Results: Fourteen female BC patients under low-dose BMAs for CTIBL were eligible (mean age 66.6 years). Four patients switched to high-dose BMAs for bone metastases. In two of the four, MRONJ developed: one case, in the mandible (risedronate for 48 months then Xgeva^® for 60 months); the other case, in the maxilla (Prolia^® for 20 months then zoledronate for 16 months). Conclusion: It can be theorized that BC patients under BMAs for CTIBL are likely to have MRONJ risk similar to osteo-metabolic patients. These patients need more careful monitoring of oral health since they may switch, for preventing or treating bone metastases, to heavier BMAs therapy, thus increasing their risk of MRONJ. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Papers of the Editorial Board Members of Oral)

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7 pages, 951 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Histopathological Comparative Analysis between Syndromic and Non-Syndromic Odontogenic Keratocysts: A Retrospective Study

by Gianfranco Favia, Francesca Spirito, Eleonora Lo Muzio, Saverio Capodiferro, Angela Tempesta, Luisa Limongelli, Lorenzo Lo Muzio and Eugenio Maiorano

Oral 2022, 2(3), 198-204; https://doi.org/10.3390/oral2030019 - 22 Jul 2022

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Abstract

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to compare the histopathological features of syndromic and non-syndromic odontogenic keratocysts (OKs) using conventional and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) with their biological behaviour. (2) Methods: Data from the medical records of 113 patients with [...] Read more.

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to compare the histopathological features of syndromic and non-syndromic odontogenic keratocysts (OKs) using conventional and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) with their biological behaviour. (2) Methods: Data from the medical records of 113 patients with histological diagnosis of (single and/or multiple) OKs were collected. Globally, 213 OKs (120 syndromic and 93 sporadic) were retrieved, and their histological slides were re-evaluated with conventional H&E staining and with autofluorescence on the same slides using CLSM (Nikon Eclipse E600 microscope). (3) Results: Syndromic OKs showed more satellite cysts than sporadic cases, as well as a basophilic layer in the basement membrane, which was absent in sporadic OKs; both were highlighted with CLSM. The basement membrane in syndromic OKs appeared amorphous and fragile, thus possibly being responsible for the epithelial detachment and collapse, with scalloped features. Furthermore, the basal epithelial layers in such cases also showed increased cellularity and proliferative activity. All these histological features may possibly justify their higher tendency to recur. (4) Conclusions: CLSM is useful advanced technology that could help to quickly and easily discriminate between syndromic and non-syndromic OKs and to more accurately predict their biological behaviour in order to set fitter clinico-radiological follow-ups for individual patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Papers of the Editorial Board Members of Oral)

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Review

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19 pages, 3498 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceReview

Photodynamic Therapy of Oral Cancer and Novel Liposomal Photosensitizers

by Nejat Düzgüneş, Jaroslaw Piskorz, Paulina Skupin-Mrugalska, Metin Yıldırım, Melike Sessevmez and Jennifer Cheung

Oral 2023, 3(3), 276-294; https://doi.org/10.3390/oral3030023 - 25 Jun 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2457

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy facilitates the selective destruction of cancer tissue by utilizing a photosensitizer drug, the light near the absorbance wavelength of the drug, and oxygen. Methylene Blue, 5-aminolevulinic acid (the precursor of the photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX), porphyrin, Foscan, Chlorin e6, and HPPH have [...] Read more.

Photodynamic therapy facilitates the selective destruction of cancer tissue by utilizing a photosensitizer drug, the light near the absorbance wavelength of the drug, and oxygen. Methylene Blue, 5-aminolevulinic acid (the precursor of the photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX), porphyrin, Foscan, Chlorin e6, and HPPH have been used successfully as photosensitizers in the treatment of oral verrucous hyperplasia, oral leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. “Theranostic” liposomes can deliver a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging and a photosensitizer for the image-guided photodynamic therapy of head and neck cancer. Liposomes incorporating photosensitizers can be targeted to cell surface markers overexpressed on cancer cells. Novel porphyrinoids have been developed in our laboratories that are highly effective as photosensitizers. Tribenzoporphyrazines encapsulated in cationic liposomes have produced IC₅₀ values up to 50 times lower compared to the free photosensitizers. It is anticipated that targeting these drugs to cancer stem cells, using upconversion nanoparticles for the near-infrared irradiation of tumors to activate the photosensitizers, and overcoming tumor hypoxia will enhance the efficacy of photodynamic therapy of tumors accessible to light sources. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Papers of the Editorial Board Members of Oral)

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11 pages, 681 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceReview

Protection of Patient Data in Digital Oral and General Health Care: A Scoping Review with Respect to the Current Regulations

by Olga Di Fede, Gaetano La Mantia, Mario G. C. A. Cimino and Giuseppina Campisi

Oral 2023, 3(2), 155-165; https://doi.org/10.3390/oral3020014 - 3 Apr 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4483

Abstract

The use of digital health technologies, including telemedicine and teledentistry, has become a necessity in healthcare due to the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic. These technologies allow for the reduction of the workload of healthcare providers and the improvement of patient outcomes in cases of remote [...] Read more.

The use of digital health technologies, including telemedicine and teledentistry, has become a necessity in healthcare due to the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic. These technologies allow for the reduction of the workload of healthcare providers and the improvement of patient outcomes in cases of remote monitoring, diagnosis, and communication. While there are no doubtful benefits, there are some counterparts, such as concerns about clinical risks, data security, and privacy protection. This paper aims to review the regulations regarding the use of digital health apps and software in healthcare. This scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and the five-step framework of Arksey and O’Malley. Study selection was based on eligibility criteria that were defined using the population-exposure framework. The review of the articles selected (n = 24) found that the majority focused on data security policies in the healthcare industry, highlighting the need for comprehensive regulations and app control systems to protect patient data. The articles also emphasized the requirement for more appropriate research and policy initiatives to improve data security practices and better address privacy and safety challenges related to health-related apps. The review recognized that papers did not report consistent standards in professional obligation and informed consent in online medical consultations, with potential risks for data privacy, medical liabilities, and ethical issues. Digital health has already revolutionized medical service delivery through technology but faces some challenges, including the lack of standardized protocols for handling sensitive patient data and the absence of common legislative provisions, raising concerns about confidentiality and security. To address these issues and deficiencies, regulatory compliance is crucial to clarify and harmonize regulations and provide guidelines for doctors and the health system. In conclusion, regulating patient data, clarifying provisions, and addressing informed patients are critical and urgent steps in maximizing usage and successful implementation of telemedicine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Papers of the Editorial Board Members of Oral)

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10 pages, 1216 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceReview

Could Periodontitis Aggravate Psoriasis?—An Update by Systematic Review

by Juan José Meneu, Cecilia Fabiana Márquez-Arrico, Francisco Javier Silvestre and Javier Silvestre-Rangil

Oral 2023, 3(1), 57-66; https://doi.org/10.3390/oral3010006 - 16 Jan 2023

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Abstract

(1) Background: Psoriasis is a chronic and inflammatory systemic disease that has been associated with periodontal pathologies, specifically periodontitis. The aim of this research is to answer the following question: Could periodontitis aggravate psoriasis? (2) Methods: We carried out a systematic review following [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Psoriasis is a chronic and inflammatory systemic disease that has been associated with periodontal pathologies, specifically periodontitis. The aim of this research is to answer the following question: Could periodontitis aggravate psoriasis? (2) Methods: We carried out a systematic review following the PRISMA guide using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and WOS; (3) Results: A total of 111 studies were identified in the databases and 11 were obtained after screening. The selection included nine case–control studies, one cross-sectional study, and one cohort study. Most of the publications report an increase in bleeding on probing and the presence of periodontal pockets in patients with psoriasis, confirming that inflammation caused by periodontitis can contribute to systemic inflammation worsening psoriasis. To summarize, the scientific literature indicates that local periodontal inflammation could aggravate psoriasis. Full article

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6 pages, 215 KiB

Open AccessReview

Phenotypes, Genotypes, and Treatment Options of Primary Failure of Eruption: A Narrative Review

by Luca Testarelli, Francesca Sestito, Adriana De Stefano, Chiara Seracchiani, Roberto Vernucci and Gabriella Galluccio

Oral 2022, 2(4), 293-298; https://doi.org/10.3390/oral2040028 - 17 Nov 2022

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Abstract

Tooth eruption is a complex process, during which a series of factors can cause a failure of it. Among this, primary failure of eruption (PFE) is a non-syndromic condition that leads to an incomplete tooth eruption despite the presence of a clear eruption [...] Read more.

Tooth eruption is a complex process, during which a series of factors can cause a failure of it. Among this, primary failure of eruption (PFE) is a non-syndromic condition that leads to an incomplete tooth eruption despite the presence of a clear eruption pathway. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overall view about clinical considerations, genetics-related aspects, and possible treatments of PFE based on the latest findings. A literature search using the PubMed/Medline and Scopus database was performed. The search terms used were “PFE”, “orthodontics”, “primary failure of eruption”, and “treatment”, and all the articles, according to the inclusion criteria, from 2008 until June 2022 were screened. Among them, 12 articles were considered useful to highlight some of the main genotypical and phenotypical aspects and several treatment options. Indeed, if there is a suspicion of primary failure of eruption, a PTH1R screening should be performed, because a mutation in this gene is responsible for an altered balance between the resorptive and the appositional processes during the eruption. This is important to know before starting an orthodontic treatment because it could lead to ankylosis of the affected tooth, exposing patients to iatrogenic damage. Treatment options depend on the growth phase of the patient and on the clinical situation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Papers of the Editorial Board Members of Oral)

9 pages, 2282 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Intraoral Sialadenoma Papilliferum: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature with Emphasis on Clinical and Histopathological Diagnostic Features

by Rita Antonelli, Oslei Paes de Almeida, Ronell Bologna-Molina and Marco Meleti

Oral 2022, 2(3), 242-250; https://doi.org/10.3390/oral2030023 - 16 Sep 2022

Viewed by 2452

Abstract

Background. Sialadenoma papilliferum (SP) is a rare benign epithelial tumor of salivary gland origin, its diagnosis being potentially challenging. It was first described by Abrams and Finck in 1969 as an analog of the cutaneous syringocystadenoma papilliferum. The aim of this comprehensive review [...] Read more.

Background. Sialadenoma papilliferum (SP) is a rare benign epithelial tumor of salivary gland origin, its diagnosis being potentially challenging. It was first described by Abrams and Finck in 1969 as an analog of the cutaneous syringocystadenoma papilliferum. The aim of this comprehensive review is to highlight the clinical and histopathological diagnostic aspects of intraoral SP, analyzing cases previously described and reporting new cases. Methods. Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to February 2022, using as entry term “sialadenoma papilliferum”. No time limits were applied and only studies in English were taken into account. Only cases involving the mouth were included. Conference proceedings, personal communications, and letters to the editor were excluded. Results. In total, 42 out of 234 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with 64 cases reported. Mean age of patients with SP was 57.2 years, with a higher prevalence among males. The most affected site was the palate, particularly the hard palate. Four cases with uncertain malignant features have been reported. While clinical manifestations of SP are rather unspecific (e.g., submucosal swelling with ulceration), histopathological and immunohistochemical features are quite peculiar, SP have a limited growth potential, leading to conservative excision as treatment of choice. Conclusions. SP, though rare, should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of intraoral swellings, particularly those located on the palate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Papers of the Editorial Board Members of Oral)

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Other

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6 pages, 980 KiB

Open AccessOpinion

Skeletal Anchorage in Treating Skeletal Class II Malocclusion in Growing Patients Using the Herbst Appliance

by Antonio Manni, Stefano Pera, Giorgio Gastaldi, Andrea Boggio and Mauro Cozzani

Oral 2023, 3(4), 539-544; https://doi.org/10.3390/oral3040044 - 27 Nov 2023

Viewed by 1561

Abstract

Skeletal Class II is a common malocclusion affecting the Caucasian population and characterized, in most cases, by a convex profile and mandibular retrusion. Therefore, the treatment plan often requires the use of functional appliances to promote mandibular advancement. In particular, the Herbst appliance [...] Read more.

Skeletal Class II is a common malocclusion affecting the Caucasian population and characterized, in most cases, by a convex profile and mandibular retrusion. Therefore, the treatment plan often requires the use of functional appliances to promote mandibular advancement. In particular, the Herbst appliance is recommended because of its efficiency and minimal need for compliance. However, in addition to skeletal favorable effects, undesired dental compensations could prematurely reduce the overjet needed for a proper orthopedic outcome. The combination of this appliance with skeletal anchorage and elastic ligatures in the lower or both, in the upper and the lower arch, enables effective control of unfavorable tooth movements, improving the therapeutic potential of such a treatment. These improvements have significantly shifted the main focus on facial aesthetics rather than dental occlusion, with the creation of innovative treatment protocols and a new diagnostic approach to Class II malocclusion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Papers of the Editorial Board Members of Oral)

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