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Nutritional Interventions and the Gut–Brain Axis in Autism Spectrum Disorder

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 January 2026 | Viewed by 738

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
Interests: microbiome; antimicrobials; antibiotics; biofilms
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
2. Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
Interests: infectious diseases; clinical microbiology; immunology; public health; epidemiology; antimicrobial resistance; microbiome; endocarditis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor Assistant
1. School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
2. Department of Physiotherapy, University of Thessaly, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
Interests: developmental and behavioral pediatrics; neurodevelopmental disorders; autism spectrum disorder; the role of the gut microbiota in child development

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition with a multifactorial and still poorly understood etiology. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward the gut–brain axis, a bidirectional communication network between the gastrointestinal system, specifically the gut microbiome, and the central nervous system, as a potentially important factor in ASD pathophysiology.

This Special Issue of Nutrients aims to advance our understanding of how nutrition, the gut microbiome, and the gut–brain axis contribute to the pathophysiology and might impact the management of ASD.

In this Special issue, we encourage contributions that examine the following areas:

  • The influence of the gut microbiota and its metabolites on brain development, function, and behavior in ASD.
  • Nutritional impacts on gastrointestinal integrity, immune modulation, and neurodevelopmental pathways.
  • The role of gut-derived neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin, dopamine, GABA) in ASD pathophysiology.
  • The identification of microbiome-derived biomarkers for early ASD diagnosis and personalized interventions.
  • The development of individualized microbiome modulation strategies for therapeutic purposes.
  • Applications of artificial intelligence in elucidating ASD–microbiome interactions and biomarker discovery.

We invite original research articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses that investigate the link between the microbiome and ASD; nutrition and biomarker discovery in the context of ASD and the gut–brain axis; and potential personalized medicine therapeutic approaches.

Prof. Dr. Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
Dr. Christina Tsigalou
Dr. Elisavet Stavropoulou
Guest Editors

Dr. Andreas Petropoulos
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • autism spectrum disorder
  • microbiome
  • microbiota
  • gut
  • gut–brain axis
  • neurotransmitters

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

14 pages, 751 KB  
Review
From ARFID to Binge Eating: A Review of the Sensory, Behavioral, and Gut–Brain Axis Mechanisms Driving Co-Occurring Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
by Marta Kopańska, Izabela Łucka, Maria Siegel, Julia Trojniak and Maria Pąchalska
Nutrients 2025, 17(23), 3714; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17233714 - 26 Nov 2025
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Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) constitutes a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition frequently accompanied by considerable disturbances in feeding behavior and nutritional balance. These difficulties arise from complex and multifactorial mechanisms, exerting a significant impact on physical health, metabolic homeostasis, and psychosocial functioning. The present [...] Read more.
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) constitutes a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition frequently accompanied by considerable disturbances in feeding behavior and nutritional balance. These difficulties arise from complex and multifactorial mechanisms, exerting a significant impact on physical health, metabolic homeostasis, and psychosocial functioning. The present review aims to provide a critical synthesis of current evidence regarding the underlying biological and behavioral mechanisms of feeding difficulties in ASD and to delineate the spectrum of comorbid eating disorders within this population. Methods: A narrative review of the peer-reviewed scientific literature was undertaken, emphasizing studies investigating the interrelationship between ASD and nutritional functioning in pediatric and adolescent populations. Particular focus was placed on research exploring sensory processing abnormalities, gut microbiota alterations, and the clinical manifestation of eating disorders in individuals with ASD. Results: The analysis revealed that sensory hypersensitivity, behavioral inflexibility, and disturbances within the gut–brain axis constitute principal determinants of atypical eating patterns in ASD. Individuals on the autism spectrum frequently exhibit pronounced food selectivity, neophobia, and symptoms consistent with Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID). Furthermore, an increased prevalence of anorexia nervosa and orthorexia nervosa has been documented, likely reflecting shared cognitive and behavioral features with ASD. “Emotional eating” tendencies and a marked preference for high-caloric, energy-dense foods—often potentiated by psychopharmacological treatment and reduced physical activity—further contribute to an elevated risk of overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Children and adolescents with ASD display a bimodal distribution of body mass, encompassing both undernutrition and obesity, indicative of a multifaceted interplay among sensory, behavioral, cognitive, and metabolic determinants. A comprehensive understanding of this heterogeneity is crucial for the development of individualized, evidence-based interventions integrating nutritional management with behavioral and psychotherapeutic approaches. Full article
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