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Nutrients
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Muscle Strength and Muscle Quality in Relation to Nutrition
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Muscle Strength and Muscle Quality in Relation to Nutrition

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 March 2020) | Viewed by 23574

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Giuseppe D'Antona

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CRIAMS-Sport Medicine Centre Voghera, and Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Voghera, Italy
Interests: muscle physiology; nutritional supplementation; muscle plasticity; exercise physiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Several lines of evidence suggest that nutrient quality is a fundamental determinant of skeletal muscle qualitative (change in isoforms expression) and quantitative (change in mass) plasticity that leads to change in function (strength, velocity, power, and resistance to fatigue). In particular, the overall functional and structural features that represent skeletal muscle acute and chronic adaptation to fluctuations in external load strictly depends on energy disposal and the concomitant availability of selected nutrients. At the cellular level, the interplay between load and nutritional status is to be found in the crosslinks between signaling pathways variably involved in the regulation of the bulk of events that ultimately represent the origin of the adaptation.

This Special Issue will highlight emerging research on the role of selected nutrients on determinants of muscle plasticity in response to load and their in vivo and in vitro functional correlates. Original research in the role of selected cellular pathways in the interplay between nutrients and exercise will also be welcome.

Dr. Giuseppe D'Antona
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Skeletal muscle plasticity
  • Load
  • Unloading
  • Nutritional supplementation
  • Signaling pathways
  • Exercise
  • Muscle function
  • Fatigue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 1785 KiB  
Article
Grape Polyphenols Ameliorate Muscle Decline Reducing Oxidative Stress and Oxidative Damage in Aged Rats
by Giuseppe Annunziata, Manuel Jimenez-García, Silvia Tejada, David Moranta, Angela Arnone, Roberto Ciampaglia, Gian Carlo Tenore, Antoni Sureda, Ettore Novellino and Xavier Capó
Nutrients 2020, 12(5), 1280; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051280 - 30 Apr 2020
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3605
Abstract
A large number of studies have demonstrated the implication of oxidative stress (OxS) in the pathogenesis of ageing-related muscle decline and atrophy. The key mechanism is related to the OxS-induced production of free radicals, with the consequent increase in oxidative damage, resulting in [...] Read more.
A large number of studies have demonstrated the implication of oxidative stress (OxS) in the pathogenesis of ageing-related muscle decline and atrophy. The key mechanism is related to the OxS-induced production of free radicals, with the consequent increase in oxidative damage, resulting in affected muscle quality and strength. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a grape polyphenol-based nutraceutical formulation (Taurisolo®) in reducing the OxS in muscle of aged rats. A group of 16 aged (20 months) rats were orally administered with Taurisolo® (n = 8; 100 mg/kg Taurisolo®) or placebo (n = 8; 50 mg/kg maltodextrin); an additional group of eight young (three months) rats were also treated with placebo. All the treatments were orally administered for 30 days. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrotyrosine (N-Tyr) and the expression of OxS- and inflammation-related genes were evaluated on the gastrocnemius muscle. In muscle samples of the treated-group, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, reduced MDA and N-Tyr levels and increased expression of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes were observed in respect to the placebo. Data herein presented suggest that the chronic treatment with Taurisolo® significantly reduces oxidative damage and improves muscle performance in aged rats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Muscle Strength and Muscle Quality in Relation to Nutrition)
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15 pages, 3700 KiB  
Article
Effects of a Ketogenic Diet Containing Medium-Chain Triglycerides and Endurance Training on Metabolic Enzyme Adaptations in Rat Skeletal Muscle
by Ayumi Fukazawa, Atsuko Koike, Takuya Karasawa, Momoko Tsutsui, Saki Kondo and Shin Terada
Nutrients 2020, 12(5), 1269; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051269 - 30 Apr 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6369
Abstract
Long-term intake of a ketogenic diet enhances utilization of ketone bodies, a particularly energy-efficient substrate, during exercise. However, physiological adaptation to an extremely low-carbohydrate diet has been shown to upregulate pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4, a negative regulator of glycolytic flux) content in [...] Read more.
Long-term intake of a ketogenic diet enhances utilization of ketone bodies, a particularly energy-efficient substrate, during exercise. However, physiological adaptation to an extremely low-carbohydrate diet has been shown to upregulate pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4, a negative regulator of glycolytic flux) content in skeletal muscle, resulting in impaired high-intensity exercise capacity. This study aimed to examine the effects of a long-term ketogenic diet containing medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) on endurance training-induced adaptations in ketolytic and glycolytic enzymes of rat skeletal muscle. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on either a standard diet (CON), a long-chain triglyceride-containing ketogenic diet (LKD), or an MCT-containing ketogenic diet (MKD). Half the rats in each group performed a 2-h swimming exercise, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks. Endurance training significantly increased 3-oxoacid CoA transferase (OXCT, a ketolytic enzyme) protein content in epitrochlearis muscle tissue, and MKD intake additively enhanced endurance training–induced increases in OXCT protein content. LKD consumption substantially increased muscle PDK4 protein level. However, such PDK4 increases were not observed in the MKD-fed rats. In conclusion, long-term intake of ketogenic diets containing MCTs may additively enhance endurance training–induced increases in ketolytic capacity in skeletal muscle without exerting inhibitory effects on carbohydrate metabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Muscle Strength and Muscle Quality in Relation to Nutrition)
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13 pages, 2336 KiB  
Article
Preventive Effects of Schisandrin A, A Bioactive Component of Schisandra chinensis, on Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy
by MyeongHoon Yeon, Hojung Choi and Hee-Sook Jun
Nutrients 2020, 12(5), 1255; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051255 - 28 Apr 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5702
Abstract
Muscle wasting is caused by various factors, such as aging, cancer, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease, and significantly decreases the quality of life. However, therapeutic interventions for muscle atrophy have not yet been well-developed. In this study, we investigated the effects of schisandrin [...] Read more.
Muscle wasting is caused by various factors, such as aging, cancer, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease, and significantly decreases the quality of life. However, therapeutic interventions for muscle atrophy have not yet been well-developed. In this study, we investigated the effects of schisandrin A (SNA), a component extracted from the fruits of Schisandra chinensis, on dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy in mice and studied the underlying mechanisms. DEX+SNA-treated mice had significantly increased grip strength, muscle weight, and muscle fiber size compared with DEX+vehicle-treated mice. In addition, SNA treatment significantly reduced the expression of muscle degradation factors such as myostatin, MAFbx (atrogin1), and muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) and enhanced the expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) compared to the vehicle. In vitro studies using differentiated C2C12 myotubes also showed that SNA treatment decreased the expression of muscle degradation factors induced by dexamethasone and increased protein synthesis and expression of MyHCs by regulation of Akt/FoxO and Akt/70S6K pathways, respectively. These results suggest that SNA reduces protein degradation and increases protein synthesis in the muscle, contributing to the amelioration of dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy and may be a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Muscle Strength and Muscle Quality in Relation to Nutrition)
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13 pages, 2527 KiB  
Article
Anserine Reverses Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Preserves Cellular Homeostasis in Healthy Men
by Ahmad Alkhatib, Wen-Hsin Feng, Yi-Jen Huang, Chia-Hua Kuo and Chien-Wen Hou
Nutrients 2020, 12(4), 1146; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041146 - 19 Apr 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3943
Abstract
The study tested whether anserine (beta-alanyl-3-methyl-l-histidine), the active ingredient of chicken essence affects exercise-induced oxidative stress, cell integrity, and haematology biomarkers. In a randomized placebo-controlled repeated-measures design, ten healthy men ingested anserine in either a low dose (ANS-LD) 15 mg·kg−1 [...] Read more.
The study tested whether anserine (beta-alanyl-3-methyl-l-histidine), the active ingredient of chicken essence affects exercise-induced oxidative stress, cell integrity, and haematology biomarkers. In a randomized placebo-controlled repeated-measures design, ten healthy men ingested anserine in either a low dose (ANS-LD) 15 mg·kg−1·bw−1, high dose (ANS-HD) 30 mg·kg−1·bw−1, or placebo (PLA), following an exercise challenge (time to exhaustion), on three separate occasions. Anserine supplementation increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 50% (p < 0.001, effect size d = 0.8 for both ANS-LD and ANS-HD), and preserved catalase (CAT) activity suggesting an improved antioxidant activity. However, both ANS-LD and ANS-HD elevated glutathione disulfide (GSSG), (both p < 0.001, main treatment effect), and consequently lowered the glutathione to glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) ratio compared with PLA (p < 0.01, main treatment effect), without significant effects on thiobarbituric acid active reactive substances (TBARS). Exercise-induced cell damage biomarkers of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and myoglobin were unaffected by anserine. There were slight but significant elevations in glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CKMB), especially in ANS-HD (p < 0.05) compared with ANS-LD or PLA. Haematological biomarkers were largely unaffected by anserine, its dose, and without interaction with post exercise time-course. However, compared with ANS-LD and PLA, ANS-HD increased the mean cell volume (MCV), and decreased the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p < 0.001). Anserine preserves cellular homoeostasis through enhanced antioxidant activity and protects cell integrity in healthy men, which is important for chronic disease prevention. However, anserine temporal elevated exercise-induced cell-damage, together with enhanced antioxidant activity and haematological responses suggest an augmented exercise-induced adaptative response and recovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Muscle Strength and Muscle Quality in Relation to Nutrition)
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28 pages, 7569 KiB  
Article
Muscle Phenotype, Proteolysis, and Atrophy Signaling During Reloading in Mice: Effects of Curcumin on the Gastrocnemius
by Laura Mañas-García, Nuria Bargalló, Joaquim Gea and Esther Barreiro
Nutrients 2020, 12(2), 388; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020388 - 31 Jan 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3429
Abstract
We hypothesized that curcumin may mitigate muscle protein degradation and loss through attenuation of proteolytic activity in limb muscles of mice exposed to reloading (7dR) following immobilization (7dI). In gastrocnemius of mice (female C57BL/6J, 10 weeks) exposed to recovery following a seven-day period [...] Read more.
We hypothesized that curcumin may mitigate muscle protein degradation and loss through attenuation of proteolytic activity in limb muscles of mice exposed to reloading (7dR) following immobilization (7dI). In gastrocnemius of mice (female C57BL/6J, 10 weeks) exposed to recovery following a seven-day period of hindlimb immobilization with/without curcumin treatment, markers of muscle proteolysis (systemic troponin-I), atrophy signaling pathways and histone deacetylases, protein synthesis, and muscle phenotypic characteristics and function were analyzed. In gastrocnemius of reloading mice compared to unloaded, muscle function, structure, sirtuin-1, and protein synthesis improved, while proteolytic and signaling markers (FoxO1/3) declined. In gastrocnemius of unloaded and reloaded mice treated with curcumin, proteolytic and signaling markers (NF-kB p50) decreased and sirtuin-1 activity and hybrid fibers size increased (reloaded muscle), while no significant improvement was seen in muscle function. Treatment with curcumin elicited a rise in sirtuin-1 activity, while attenuating proteolysis in gastrocnemius of mice during reloading following a period of unloading. Curcumin attenuated muscle proteolysis probably via activation of histone deacetylase sirtuin-1, which also led to decreased levels of atrophy signaling pathways. These findings offer an avenue of research in the design of therapeutic strategies in clinical settings of patients exposed to periods of disuse muscle atrophy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Muscle Strength and Muscle Quality in Relation to Nutrition)
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