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Nutrients
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The Role of Gut Microbiome in Host Immunity
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The Role of Gut Microbiome in Host Immunity

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Prebiotics and Probiotics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2023) | Viewed by 18602

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Cuixiang Wan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
Interests: prebiotics and probiotics; gastrointestinal disorders; gut microbiota; host immunity; mucosa barrier

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gut microbial communities participate in role aspects of host biology, including development, nutrient absorption, immunity, and disease. Probiotics, which can regulate the balance of intestinal flora, promote intestinal epithelial barrier functions, increase an anti-inflammatory response, and contribute to the host’s overall health, are used all over the world. However, the main mechanisms by which probiotic microorganisms can interact with the host are still not clear. In this regard, any studies on prebiotics and probiotics, gastrointestinal disorders, gut microbiota, host immunity, mucosa barrier, or other related fields, which aim to make a contribution to the role of gut microbiome in host immunity, are welcomed for this Special Issue.

Dr. Cuixiang Wan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gut microbiota
  • gastrointestinal disorders
  • probiotics
  • inflammation
  • immune response
  • intestinal epithelial barrier

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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26 pages, 10022 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Probiotic Properties of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis SF and Its Alleviating Effect on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
by Huihui Lv, Feiyue Tao, Lingling Peng, Shufang Chen, Zhongyue Ren, Jiahui Chen, Bo Yu, Hua Wei and Cuixiang Wan
Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1355; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061355 - 10 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1884
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease with many influencing factors. With the increasing role of the gut–liver axis in various liver diseases, research on the prevention and treatment of NAFLD with probiotics is increasing. In the present study, [...] Read more.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease with many influencing factors. With the increasing role of the gut–liver axis in various liver diseases, research on the prevention and treatment of NAFLD with probiotics is increasing. In the present study, a Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. strain, B. lactis SF, was isolated from the feces of healthy infants and characterized by sequencing of the 16S rDNA. A systematic probiotic evaluation was carried out, and a diet-induced mouse model was constructed to study the effect and mechanism of B. lactis SF on diet-induced NAFLD. Results show that B. lactis SF has excellent gastrointestinal fluid tolerance and intestinal colonization, and strong antibacterial and antioxidant capabilities. In vivo, B. lactis SF modulated intestinal flora, restored the intestinal barrier, and inhibited LPS entrance into the portal circulation, which subsequently inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB and modulated the PI3K-Akt/AMPK signaling pathway, attenuated the inflammatory response, and reduced lipid accumulation. In addition, B. lactis SF attenuated oxidative stress and further alleviated autophagy, resulting in an ameliorative effect on NAFLD. Therefore, our study provides a new dietary method for the treatment of NAFLD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Gut Microbiome in Host Immunity)
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14 pages, 27832 KiB  
Article
Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Improves Intestinal Gut Microbiota Homeostasis and Ameliorates Clostridioides difficile Infection
by Zhengjie Wu, Jian Shen, Qiaomai Xu, Qiangqiang Xiang, Yunbo Chen, Longxian Lv, Beiwen Zheng, Qiangqiang Wang, Shuting Wang and Lanjuan Li
Nutrients 2022, 14(18), 3756; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183756 - 11 Sep 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2389
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection is closely related to the intestinal flora disorders induced by antibiotics, and changes in the intestinal flora may cause the occurrence and development of Clostridioides difficile infection. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is one of the major bioactive ingredients of green tea and [...] Read more.
Clostridioides difficile infection is closely related to the intestinal flora disorders induced by antibiotics, and changes in the intestinal flora may cause the occurrence and development of Clostridioides difficile infection. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is one of the major bioactive ingredients of green tea and has been suggested to alleviate the growth of C. difficile in vitro. EGCG can ameliorate several diseases, such as obesity, by regulating the gut microbiota. However, whether EGCG can attenuate C. difficile infection by improving the gut microbiota is unknown. After establishing a mouse model of C. difficile infection, mice were administered EGCG (25 or 50 mg/kg/day) or PBS intragastrically for 2 weeks to assess the benefits of EGCG. Colonic pathology, inflammation, the intestinal barrier, gut microbiota composition, metabolomics, and the transcriptome were evaluated in the different groups. Compared with those of the mice in the CDI group, EGCG improved survival rates after infection, improved inflammatory markers, and restored the damage to the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, EGCG could improve the intestinal microbial community caused by C. difficile infection, such as by reducing the relative abundance of Enterococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Moreover, EGCG can increase short-chain fatty acids, improve amino acid metabolism, and downregulate pathways related to intestinal inflammation. EGCG alters the microbiota and alleviates C. difficile infection, which provides new insights into potential therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Gut Microbiome in Host Immunity)
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Review

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16 pages, 357 KiB  
Review
Prospects of Probiotic Adjuvant Drugs in Clinical Treatment
by Zhongyue Ren, Yan Hong, Yalan Huo, Lingling Peng, Huihui Lv, Jiahui Chen, Zhihua Wu and Cuixiang Wan
Nutrients 2022, 14(22), 4723; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224723 - 9 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2043
Abstract
In modern society, where new diseases and viruses are constantly emerging, drugs are still the most important means of resistance. However, adverse effects and diminished efficacy remain the leading cause of treatment failure and a major determinant of impaired health-related quality of life [...] Read more.
In modern society, where new diseases and viruses are constantly emerging, drugs are still the most important means of resistance. However, adverse effects and diminished efficacy remain the leading cause of treatment failure and a major determinant of impaired health-related quality of life for patients. Clinical studies have shown that the disturbance of the gut microbial structure plays a crucial role in the toxic and side effects of drugs. It is well known that probiotics have the ability to maintain the balance of intestinal microecology, which implies their potential as an adjunct to prevent and alleviate the adverse reactions of drugs and to make medicines play a better role. In addition, in the past decade, probiotics have been found to have excellent prevention and alleviation effects in drug toxicity side effects, such as liver injury. In this review, we summarize the development history of probiotics, discuss the impact on drug side effects of probiotics, and propose the underlying mechanisms. Probiotics will be a new star in the world of complementary medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Gut Microbiome in Host Immunity)
31 pages, 5788 KiB  
Review
The Role of Nutritional Factors in the Modulation of the Composition of the Gut Microbiota in People with Autoimmune Diabetes
by Anna Winiarska-Mieczan, Ewa Tomaszewska, Janine Donaldson and Karolina Jachimowicz
Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2498; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122498 - 16 Jun 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4102
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a disease marked by oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and the presence of autoantibodies. The gut microbiota has been shown to be involved in the alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation as well as strengthening immunity, thus its’ [...] Read more.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a disease marked by oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and the presence of autoantibodies. The gut microbiota has been shown to be involved in the alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation as well as strengthening immunity, thus its’ possible involvement in the pathogenesis of T1DM has been highlighted. The goal of the present study is to analyze information on the relationship between the structure of the intestinal microbiome and the occurrence of T1DM. The modification of the intestinal microbiota can increase the proportion of SCFA-producing bacteria, which could in turn be effective in the prevention and/or treatment of T1DM. The increased daily intake of soluble and non-soluble fibers, as well as the inclusion of pro-biotics, prebiotics, herbs, spices, and teas that are sources of phytobiotics, in the diet, could be important in improving the composition and activity of the microbiota and thus in the prevention of metabolic disorders. Understanding how the microbiota interacts with immune cells to create immune tolerance could enable the development of new therapeutic strategies for T1DM and improve the quality of life of people with T1DM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Gut Microbiome in Host Immunity)
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15 pages, 650 KiB  
Review
The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in Depression: The Potential Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Microbiota Combined Antidepression Effect
by Fangyuan Zhu, Huaijun Tu and Tingtao Chen
Nutrients 2022, 14(10), 2081; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14102081 - 16 May 2022
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 7343
Abstract
Depression is a kind of worldwide mental illness with the highest morbidity and disability rate, which is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms. Experiments have demonstrated that the disorder of the intestinal microbial system structure plays a crucial role in depression. The gut–brain axis [...] Read more.
Depression is a kind of worldwide mental illness with the highest morbidity and disability rate, which is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms. Experiments have demonstrated that the disorder of the intestinal microbial system structure plays a crucial role in depression. The gut–brain axis manifests a potential linkage between the digestion system and the central nervous system (CNS). Nowadays, it has become an emerging trend to treat diseases by targeting intestinal microorganisms (e.g., probiotics) and combining the gut–brain axis mechanism. Combined with the research, we found that the incidence of depression is closely linked to the gut microbiota. Moreover, the transformation of the gut microbiota system structure is considered to have both positive and negative regulatory effects on the development of depression. This article reviewed the mechanism of bidirectional interaction in the gut–brain axis and existing symptom-relieving measures and antidepression treatments related to the gut microbiome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Gut Microbiome in Host Immunity)
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