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Nutrients
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Nutritional Strategies for Arterial Health
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Nutritional Strategies for Arterial Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 June 2025 | Viewed by 5482

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alicia Saz-Lara

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
Interests: dietary habits; nutrient impact; dietary interventions; inflammatory response; antioxidant nutrients; arterial stiffness; vascular health; hypertension; cardiovascular diseases; diabetes; meta-analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Iván Cavero Redondo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
Interests: dietary habits; nutrient impact; dietary interventions; inflammatory response; antioxidant nutrients;biomarkers; arterial stiffness; cardiovascular diseases; meta-analysis; diabetes; vascular health; hypertension
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nutritional strategies play a crucial role in maintaining arterial health, a cornerstone of overall cardiovascular wellness. Arterial health encompasses the integrity and functionality of arteries, vital for efficient blood circulation and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and stroke. Scientific research consistently underscores the impact of dietary habits on arterial health, with certain nutrients demonstrating protective effects while others contribute to arterial dysfunction. Understanding the interplay between nutrition and arterial health is imperative for developing targeted dietary interventions to mitigate cardiovascular risks and promote optimal vascular function. This Special Issue highlights the significance of nutritional strategies in preserving arterial health and preventing cardiovascular diseases.

Dr. Alicia Saz-Lara
Dr. Iván Cavero Redondo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • arterial health
  • cardiovascular wellness
  • atherosclerosis
  • hypertension
  • stroke prevention
  • dietary habits
  • nutrient impact
  • vascular function
  • cardiovascular risks
  • dietary interventions
  • arterial stiffness
  • endothelial function
  • oxidative stress
  • inflammatory response
  • antioxidant nutrients

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 782 KiB  
Article
Distinct Effects of Wheat and Black Bean Consumption on Postprandial Vascular Responses in People with Arterial Stiffness: A Pilot Randomized Cross-Over Study
by Peter Zahradka, Danielle Perera, Jordan Charney and Carla G. Taylor
Nutrients 2025, 17(7), 1159; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071159 - 27 Mar 2025
Viewed by 353
Abstract
Background/Objective: Postprandial vascular responses impact vascular health. This study investigated whether eating pulses or whole grains can acutely relax blood vessels in people with arterial stiffness. Methods: A single-blinded, controlled randomized cross-over clinical trial was conducted to compare the effects of pulses (¾ [...] Read more.
Background/Objective: Postprandial vascular responses impact vascular health. This study investigated whether eating pulses or whole grains can acutely relax blood vessels in people with arterial stiffness. Methods: A single-blinded, controlled randomized cross-over clinical trial was conducted to compare the effects of pulses (¾ cup black beans) versus whole grains (¾ cup whole wheat kernels, also known as wheat berries) versus white rice (¾ cup) on postprandial vascular responses in males and females with established arterial stiffness (n = 9, 3M/6F, 50–64 years old). Peripheral and central hemodynamic measurements were obtained non-invasively prior to and 2 h after food consumption and were compared by t-test within a food type. Results: Peripheral and central systolic blood pressure was increased (4%) after eating white rice but not after the consumption of wheat or beans. A marked decline in augmentation index at 75 bpm (arterial stiffness) from 26.1 ± 3.6% to 16.2 ± 2.0% was observed 2 h after eating whole wheat but not beans or white rice. All foods slightly decreased heart rate at 2 h but had limited effects on other parameters of circulatory or heart health. Conclusions: Eating whole wheat or beans acutely improved overall vascular and heart health when compared to white rice. The effects of wheat and beans were distinct, with whole wheat having a major positive effect on blood vessel stiffness. The findings suggest that regular inclusion of both whole wheat and beans in the diet would be beneficial for improving cardiovascular health in persons exhibiting signs of arterial dysfunction, thus providing a potential therapeutic benefit for individuals who are at risk of heart attack and stroke. The study was registered (NCT05818358) on ClinicalTrials.gov. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Strategies for Arterial Health)
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8 pages, 217 KiB  
Article
Diet and Lifestyle Factors and Incident Acute Mesenteric Ischemia—A Prospective Cohort Study
by Yasmin Soltanzadeh-Naderi and Stefan Acosta
Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010147 - 31 Dec 2024
Viewed by 822
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is life-threatening and difficult to diagnose in time. Unlike many cardiovascular diseases, the association between lifestyle factors such as diet, alcohol consumption, and physical activity and AMI is unknown. Methods: This study is a prospective cohort study with [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is life-threatening and difficult to diagnose in time. Unlike many cardiovascular diseases, the association between lifestyle factors such as diet, alcohol consumption, and physical activity and AMI is unknown. Methods: This study is a prospective cohort study with 28,098 middle-aged participants with a mean follow-up time of 23.1 years. Baseline characteristics were obtained with questionnaires regarding physical activity, lifestyle, and diet. The primary endpoint was a diagnosis of AMI identified through the Swedish National Patient Register. Follow-up times were decided by the date of diagnosis, death, or end of follow-up, 2022-12-31. Results: The total number of patients with AMI was 140. Current smoking (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 3.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.91–4.79) and those with the highest alcohol consumption (aHR 2.53, 95% CI 1.27–5.03) had a higher risk of developing AMI. Participants with high physical activity, 25.1–50.0 metabolic equivalent task hours per week (MET-h/week), had a lower risk (aHR 0.51, 95% CI 0.27–0.95). Diet quality and dietary components did not affect the risk of AMI. Conclusions: Smoking and higher alcohol consumption were associated with higher risk, while physical activity was associated with lower risk of AMI in this prospective cohort. Diet quality and dietary components were less relevant for the prediction of AMI than these traditional risk factors of atherosclerotic disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Strategies for Arterial Health)
16 pages, 2736 KiB  
Article
Dissecting Causal Relationships Between Dietary Habits and Diverse Subtypes of Stroke: Mendelian Randomization Study
by Yan Cao, Fan Ye, Ling Zhang and Chuan Qin
Nutrients 2024, 16(20), 3548; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16203548 - 19 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1644
Abstract
Background: Understanding the causal relations between dietary habits and stroke is crucial for prioritizing public health interventions and developing effective health strategies. This study utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine the causal associations between 20 dietary habits and various stroke subtypes, aiming [...] Read more.
Background: Understanding the causal relations between dietary habits and stroke is crucial for prioritizing public health interventions and developing effective health strategies. This study utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine the causal associations between 20 dietary habits and various stroke subtypes, aiming to identify potential mediators and evaluate the proportions of mediation. Methods: A two-sample MR analysis was conducted to examine the causal relationships between dietary habits and stroke incidence. Mediation analysis, two-step MR (TSMR), and multivariable MR (MVMR) were employed to identify potential mediators. Genetic data pertaining to dietary habits and stroke were obtained from extensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) consortia. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method served as the primary analytical approach, with the additional scrutiny of significant correlations conducted through the Egger regression, MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), and weighted median techniques. Results: Our analyses indicated that genetically predicted intakes of dried fruits, cheese, cereal, oily fish, and hot drink temperatures were protective against stroke, whereas higher intakes of lamb/mutton, poultry, and added salt significantly elevated stroke risk. Specifically, dried fruit consumption demonstrated a protective effect against total stroke (β = −0.009, p = 0.013), ischemic stroke (β = −0.475, p = 0.003), and small-vessel ischemic stroke (β = −0.682, p = 0.033) through reductions in BMI levels, accounting for mediated proportions of 3.2%, 17.1%, and 8.5%, respectively. Furthermore, cheese intake provided a protective effect against ischemic stroke (β = −0.275, p = 0.003) by decreasing BMI and increasing HDL-C levels, with mediated proportions of 30.5% and 6.5%. Together, BMI and HDL-C accounted for 34.9% of the beneficial effect of cheese intake on reducing the risk of ischemic stroke. In contrast, an increased salt intake exhibited a positive association with large-artery ischemic stroke (β = 0.432, p = 0.033) through BMI elevation, with a mediated proportion of 10.9%. Conclusions: Our findings provide compelling evidence supporting causal relationships between dietary habits and stroke subtypes, while identifying mediators and evaluating the proportions of mediation. Adhering to a low-calorie, nutrient-dense diet enriched with dried fruits, cheese, and cereal, along with reduced salt and poultry consumption, could potentially mitigate stroke risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Strategies for Arterial Health)
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14 pages, 300 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Association between Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Adults: Findings from the EvasCu Study
by Iris Otero-Luis, Alicia Saz-Lara, Nerea Moreno-Herráiz, Carla Geovanna Lever-Megina, Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni, Isabel Antonia Martínez-Ortega, Rebeca Varga-Cirila and Iván Cavero-Redondo
Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2158; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132158 - 6 Jul 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2061
Abstract
(1) Background: Previous evidence has indicated a connection between a Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease. However, evidence for subclinical markers of cardiovascular disease, such as arterial stiffness, is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the associations between adherence to [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Previous evidence has indicated a connection between a Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease. However, evidence for subclinical markers of cardiovascular disease, such as arterial stiffness, is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), as assessed by the MEDAS-14 questionnaire, and arterial stiffness, as assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity, in healthy adults and according to sex. (2) A cross-sectional study including 386 healthy participants was performed in the EVasCu study. Adjusted and unadjusted differences in adherence to the MD and arterial stiffness were determined using Student’s t test and ANCOVA for the total sample and according to sex. (3) Results: Our results showed that individuals with a high adherence to the MD had a greater arterial stiffness, both in the total sample and in females, although this difference was not significant after adjusting for possible confounding variables, such as age. (4) Conclusions: Our findings indicated that, in the unadjusted analyses, healthy subjects with a high adherence to the MD showed a greater arterial stiffness. When these analyses were adjusted, no significant differences were shown in a-PWv according to the categories of MD adherence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Strategies for Arterial Health)
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