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Nutrition Management and Dietary Treatment in Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2022) | Viewed by 11164

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Gaetano Bertino

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Guest Editor

Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
Interests: liver diseases; chronic hepatitis; liver cirrhosis; hepatocellular carcinoma; NAFLD; NASH; HCV; HBV; primary biliary cholangitis; gastrointestinal diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Abundant data show that nutrition, combined with pharmacological therapies, has a fundamental role in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases such as GERD, gastric and duodenal ulcers, IBS, pancreatitis, IBD, and cancer. Furthermore, nutrition and intestinal microbiota are closely linked; incorrect nutrition alters the microbiota which, in turn, can affect many intestinal diseases and worsen prognosis.

For NAFLD and NASH, the most promising current therapy—besides physical activity—is correct nutrition. Recently, non-coding RNAs have been studied as biomarkers for NAFLD.

Moreover, in liver cirrhosis of any etiology, proper nutrition plays a fundamental role. Particularly in patients with advanced liver disease, it is important to implement a correct diet that maintains adequate fat and, above all, lean mass. It is necessary that the patient with cirrhosis does not develop sarcopenia, a fearful complication which, when present, determines an increase in morbidity and mortality. Thereby, providing adequate nutritional intake, both qualitatively and quantitatively, is essential to improving the prognosis of these patients. The aim of this Special Issue is to provide updated data on the relationship between nutrition and the gastroenterological and liver diseases indicated above.

Prof. Dr. Gaetano Bertino
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

NAFLD
non-coding RNAs
sarcopenia
liver cirrhosis

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 329 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Intake of Dicarbonyls and Advanced Glycation Endproducts as Part of the Habitual Diet Is Not Associated with Intestinal Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients

by Marlijne C. G. de Graaf, Jean L. J. M. Scheijen, Corinne E. G. M. Spooren, Zlatan Mujagic, Marieke J. Pierik, Edith J. M. Feskens, Daniel Keszthelyi, Casper G. Schalkwijk and Daisy M. A. E. Jonkers

Nutrients 2023, 15(1), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010083 - 24 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2672

Abstract

A Western diet comprises high levels of dicarbonyls and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), which may contribute to flares and symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We therefore investigated the intake of dietary dicarbonyls and AGEs in IBD and IBS patients as part of the habitual diet, and their association with intestinal inflammation. Food frequency questionnaires from 238 IBD, 261 IBS as well as 195 healthy control (HC) subjects were used to calculate the intake of dicarbonyls methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and 3-deoxyglucosone, and of the AGEs Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine, Nε-(1-carboxyethyl)lysine and methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1. Intestinal inflammation was assessed using faecal calprotectin. The absolute dietary intake of all dicarbonyls and AGEs was higher in IBD and HC as compared to IBS (all p < 0.05). However, after energy-adjustment, only glyoxal was lower in IBD versus IBS and HC (p < 0.05). Faecal calprotectin was not significantly associated with dietary dicarbonyls and AGEs in either of the subgroups. The absolute intake of methylglyoxal was significantly higher in patients with low (<15 μg/g) compared to moderate calprotectin levels (15–<50 μg/g, p = 0.031). The concentrations of dietary dicarbonyls and AGEs generally present in the diet of Dutch patients with IBD or IBS are not associated with intestinal inflammation, although potential harmful effects might be counteracted by anti-inflammatory components in the food matrix. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Management and Dietary Treatment in Gastroenterology and Hepatology)

13 pages, 572 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Alcohol Consumption on the Development of Erosive Esophagitis in Both Sexes: A Longitudinal Study

by Masahiro Sogabe, Toshiya Okahisa, Miwako Kagawa, Hiroyuki Ueda, Kaizo Kagemoto, Hironori Tanaka, Yoshifumi Kida, Tetsu Tomonari, Tatsuya Taniguchi, Hiroshi Miyamoto, Yasushi Sato, Masahiko Nakasono and Tetsuji Takayama

Nutrients 2022, 14(22), 4760; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224760 - 10 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1418

Abstract

The influence of changes in alcohol consumption on erosive esophagitis (EE) development in both sexes is unclear. This observational study investigated sex differences in the influence of alcohol consumption on EE development, and included 2582 patients without EE at baseline from 13,448 patients who underwent >2 health check-ups over >1 year. The rates of non-drinkers who started drinking, and drinkers who abstained from drinking, who increased, and who decreased their weekly alcohol consumption were 7.2%, 9.7%, 14.7%, and 24.1% and 7.3%, 17.8%, 12.8%, and 39.0% in men and women, respectively. In the final cohort, 211/1405 (15.0%) men and 79/1177 (6.7%) women newly developed EE. The odds ratio (OR) for drinking in EE development was 1.252 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.907–1.726) among men and 1.078 (95% CI, 0.666–1.747) among women. Among men aged <50 years, the OR for drinking ≥70 g/week in EE development was 2.825 (95% CI, 1.427–5.592), whereas among women, the OR for drinking ≥140 g/week in EE development was 3.248 (95% CI, 1.646–6.410). Among participants aged <50 years, the OR for daily drinking in EE development was 2.692 (95% CI, 1.298–5.586) among men and 4.030 (95% CI, 1.404–11.57) among women. The influence of alcohol consumption on EE development differed between the sexes. We recommend no alcohol consumption for individuals aged <50 years to avoid EE development. Daily drinkers should be assessed for EE development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Management and Dietary Treatment in Gastroenterology and Hepatology)

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Review

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24 pages, 1141 KiB

Open AccessReview

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: What Do We Know in 2023?

by Anna Gudan, Katarzyna Kozłowska-Petriczko, Ewa Wunsch, Tomasz Bodnarczuk and Ewa Stachowska

Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1323; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061323 - 08 Mar 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 6625

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease associated with the pathological accumulation of lipids inside hepatocytes. Untreated NAFL can progress to non-alcoholic hepatitis (NASH), followed by fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The common denominator of the above-mentioned metabolic disorders seems to be insulin resistance, which occurs in NAFLD patients. Obesity is the greatest risk factor for lipid accumulation inside hepatocytes, but a part of the NAFLD patient population has a normal body weight according to the BMI index. Obese people with or without NAFLD have a higher incidence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and those suffering from NAFLD show increased intestinal permeability, including a more frequent presence of bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine (SIBO). The health consequences of SIBO are primarily malabsorption disorders (vitamin B12, iron, choline, fats, carbohydrates and proteins) and bile salt deconjugation. Undetected and untreated SIBO may lead to nutrient and/or energy malnutrition, thus directly impairing liver function (e.g., folic acid and choline deficiency). However, whether SIBO contributes to liver dysfunction, decreased intestinal barrier integrity, increased inflammation, endotoxemia and bacterial translocation is not yet clear. In this review, we focus on gut–liver axis and discuss critical points, novel insights and the role of nutrition, lifestyle, pre- and probiotics, medication and supplements in the therapy and prevention of both SIBO and NAFLD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Management and Dietary Treatment in Gastroenterology and Hepatology)

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