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Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 September 2026 | Viewed by 1145

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, New Building, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
Interests: bioactive components; phytochemicals; PAF-inhibitors; Mediterranean diet; cardiovascular disease; cancer; sarcopenia; body composition
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The Mediterranean Diet has emerged as one of the most evidence-based dietary patterns associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. The interplay between dietary habits, lifestyle factors, and genetic predisposition is yet an emerging area for scientific exploration.

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue, which will focus on the role of the Mediterranean Diet in cardiovascular disease prevention, management, and its underlying mechanisms.

This Special Issue aims to present high-quality research that explores the multifaceted relationship between the Mediterranean Diet and cardiovascular health. The scope includes nutritional epidemiology, clinical trials, mechanistic studies, and public health perspectives. This topic aligns closely with the journal’s commitment to advancing knowledge in nutrition, health, and disease prevention.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and comprehensive reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Clinical trials assessing the impact of the Mediterranean Diet on cardiovascular outcomes;
  • Nutritional epidemiology linking dietary patterns to CVD risk factors;
  • Bioactive compounds in Mediterranean foods and their cardioprotective mechanisms;
  • The Mediterranean Diet in different populations and cultural adaptations;
  • Comparative studies of Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean dietary patterns on cardiovascular health;
  • Lifestyle interventions incorporating diet and physical activity;
  • Implementation strategies and public health policies promoting the Mediterranean Diet;
  • Role of gut microbiota in mediating the effects of the Mediterranean Diet on CVD

We look forward to receiving your contributions to this timely and important Special Issue. 

Dr. Paraskevi Detopoulou
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • phytochemicals
  • antioxidants
  • Mediterranean diet
  • PAF inhibitors
  • microbiome
  • lifestyleintervention
  • metabolomics
  • lipidomics
  • biomarkers

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

31 pages, 1645 KB  
Review
The Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Protection: Biochemical Mechanisms with Emphasis on Platelet-Activating Factor
by Paraskevi Detopoulou, Smaragdi Antonopoulou, Pinelopi Douvogianni and Constantinos A. Demopoulos
Nutrients 2026, 18(9), 1320; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18091320 - 22 Apr 2026
Viewed by 544
Abstract
Landmark epidemiological studies and clinical trials, such as the Seven Countries Study, the Lyon Diet Heart Study, the PREDIMED Study and the CORDIOPREV Study, have shown significant reductions in cardiovascular events in those following the Mediterranean diet (MD). The aim of the present [...] Read more.
Landmark epidemiological studies and clinical trials, such as the Seven Countries Study, the Lyon Diet Heart Study, the PREDIMED Study and the CORDIOPREV Study, have shown significant reductions in cardiovascular events in those following the Mediterranean diet (MD). The aim of the present work is to summarize the most robust available evidence and the major biological pathways underlying the protective effects of the MD, with particular emphasis on the role of PAF inhibitors. Mechanistically, MD functions through a complex synergy of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic effects that collectively improve lipid profiles, enhance endothelial function, optimize postprandial metabolism and cell membrane signaling, making it a functional model for human longevity. The PAF-Implicated Atherosclerosis Theory has emerged as a key unifying framework, proposing that Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF)—a highly potent lipid inflammatory mediator—plays a central role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Oxidized LDL promotes the production of PAF and PAF-like lipids, leading to endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerotic plaque formation. Traditional Mediterranean foods are rich in natural PAF inhibitors, particularly the polar lipid fractions of extra virgin olive oil, as well as wine, fish, vegetables, onions, and garlic. Animal studies demonstrate that these compounds can reduce or even regress atherosclerotic lesions, independently of serum cholesterol levels. Human dietary interventions have further shown that MD-based meals and functional foods enriched with PAF inhibitors reduce PAF activity and improve thrombosis-related biomarkers. This mechanistic framework helps explain phenomena such as the “French Paradox” and the cardio-protective effects associated with fish consumption. Moreover, the extraction of PAF inhibitors from Mediterranean food by-products, such as olive pomace, offers promising ecological and economic advantages. Collectively, targeting PAF and increasing dietary intake of PAF inhibitors represent promising strategies for the prevention and management of atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases, supporting the view that PAF may function as a major, modifiable risk factor in these conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Diseases)
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