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The Role of Foods and Nutritional and Botanical Supplements for the Enhancement of Human Health and Performance

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 October 2025 | Viewed by 1177

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Interests: botanical extracts; vascular function; inflammation; skin aging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The use of nutritional and botanical supplements for the enhancement of human health and performance has moved in the past 20 years from “alternative” health care to becoming an integrative part of a comprehensive self-care paradigm. Consumers seek lower-cost, safer alternatives to conventional medicines and pharmaceutical approaches. Often guided by traditional medicine practices and established nutrition science principles, innovative new discoveries have driven demand for dietary supplements to all-time highs. Nonetheless, more evidence from independent, high-quality research is needed to validate and extend reports already in the literature.

Fortified foods have been is use for decades with major public health benefits, such as the addition of iodine to salt and folic acid to grains. While these are intended to mitigate the risk of nutrient deficiencies, the enhancement of human health and performance goes beyond guidelines to prevent shortages and focuses more on nutrients and botanicals that can help optimize physiological and biochemical functioning.

Recognizing that supplements and fortified foods are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent disease, evidence for their use to complement a holistic approach to human health and performance has grown remarkably. The paradigm of precision nutrition further extends models of human performance, recognizing that many metabolic and gut microbiome factors are personalized to an individual. Accordingly, research studies and their applications must address at least these three topics:  How much, how often, and in whom?

This Special Issue includes innovative research that will help address the challenges and opportunities facing nutrition researchers, health care professionals, and consumers today and in the future. We welcome both original research and reviews on this important topic.

Dr. Robert M. Hackman
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • foods
  • dietary supplements
  • botanical supplements
  • metabolic disease
  • public health

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 658 KiB  
Article
Gene–Lifestyle Interactions in Renal Dysfunction: Polygenic Risk Modulation via Plant-Based Diets, Coffee Intake, and Bioactive Compound Interactions
by Meiling Liu, Da-Sol Kim and Sunmin Park
Nutrients 2025, 17(5), 916; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17050916 - 6 Mar 2025
Viewed by 798
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate genetic variants associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and their interactions with lifestyle factors and bioactive compounds in large hospital-based cohorts, assessing their impact on renal dysfunction risk. Methods: Participants were categorized into two groups [...] Read more.
Background: This study aimed to investigate genetic variants associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and their interactions with lifestyle factors and bioactive compounds in large hospital-based cohorts, assessing their impact on renal dysfunction risk. Methods: Participants were categorized into two groups based on eGFR: High-GFR (control; n = 51,084) and Low-GFR (renal dysfunction; n = 7617), using an eGFR threshold of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Genetic variants were identified through a genome-wide association analysis, and their interactions with lifestyle factors were assessed a using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) analysis. Additionally, interactions between polygenic risk scores (PRS) and nutrient intake were examined. Results: Low eGFR was associated with higher urinary protein levels (4.67-fold) and correlated with a Western-style diet and with saturated fat, arginine, and isoleucine intakes but not sodium intake. The genetic model for low eGFR included variants linked to energy production and amino acid metabolism, such as rs1047891_CPS1, rs3770636_LRP2, rs5020545_SHROOM3, rs3812036_SLC34A1, and rs4715517_HCRTR2. A high PRS was associated with a 1.78-fold increased risk of low eGFR after adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. The PRS from the 6-SNP model interacted with plant-based diets (PBDs) and coffee intake, where individuals with higher PBD and coffee consumption had a lower risk of renal dysfunction. Additionally, CPS1 rs1047891 interacted with vitamin D intake (p = 0.0436), where the risk allele was linked to lower eGFR with low vitamin D intake but not with high intake. Molecular docking showed that vitamin D3 had a lower binding energy to the CPS1 mutant type (−9.9 kcal/mol) than the wild type (−7.5 kcal/mol), supporting a potential gene–nutrient interaction influencing renal function. Conclusions: Middle-aged and elderly individuals with a high genetic risk for renal dysfunction may benefit from a plant-based diet, moderate coffee consumption, and sufficient vitamin D intake. Full article
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