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Dietary Cholesterol and Human Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2021) | Viewed by 7158

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Medical School, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
Interests: genetics; epigenetics; exosomes; endocrinology
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Guest Editor
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
Interests: assessment of dietary intake; health and nutrition education; prevention and rehabilitation from chronic diseases in children and adults; functional foods
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
1. Hellenic Food Authority, 124 Kifisias Av. & 2 Iatridou Str., 11526 Athens, Greece
2. Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
Interests: nutrition; cardiovascular diseases; nutritional epidemiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cholesterol homeostasis in the body is governed by cholesterol absorption, synthesis, storage, and excretion. Dietary cholesterol is a nutrient of major concern and is considered a basic determinant of blood cholesterol levels. It has recently become a controversial issue, with studies showing that high consumption of dietary cholesterol or eggs are associated with a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, independently of the quality and quantity of fat ingested. Processed foods are rich in nutrients such as choline, iron, carnitine and added sodium, ingredients that are involved in the risk of developing cardiovascular disease through a variety of metabolic pathways. These effects should be taken into account for the development of new directions for dietary cholesterol intake.

In recent guidelines, recommendations to decrease cholesterol intake have raised questions about cholesterol’s role in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Thus, the relevance of dietary cholesterol regulation for human heart health remains unclear.

Recent data on lipoprotein metabolism have shown that additional lipoprotein measures, including high HDL-cholesterol levels, high ratio of LDL-/HDL- cholesterol, very low levels of apolipoproteins B and A, as well as low LDL-cholesterol, have been suggested for risk assessment and disease prognosis. Thus, hyperlipoproteinemia and hypolipidemia should be taken into account. The appropriateness of these markers for risk assessment and treatment targets can be influenced by nutritional management.

In this Special Issue, we aim to elucidate the effect of dietary patterns on atherosclerosis risk factors and to explore the role of diet-related disease progression and the effect of dietary lipids on the expression of genes involved in diverse dyslipidaemias. We hope that this issue will advance our understanding of how cholesterol-containing nutrients are related to endogenous and exogenous pathways of cholesterol disorders.

Prof. George P. Chrousos
Prof. Yannis Manios
Prof. Dr. Antonis Zampelas
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • diet cholesterol
  • atherosclerosis
  • dyslipidemias
  • nutrients

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2761 KiB  
Article
Oxidized LDL Downregulates ABCA1 Expression via MEK/ERK/LXR Pathway in INS-1 Cells
by Jingya Lyu, Kensaku Fukunaga, Hitomi Imachi, Seisuke Sato, Toshihiro Kobayashi, Takanobu Saheki, Tomohiro Ibata, Takafumi Yoshimura, Hisakazu Iwama and Koji Murao
Nutrients 2021, 13(9), 3017; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093017 - 29 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2982
Abstract
Impaired insulin secretion is one of the main causes of type 2 diabetes. Cholesterol accumulation-induced lipotoxicity contributes to impaired insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. However, the detailed mechanism in this process remains unclear. In this study, we proved that oxidized low-density lipoprotein [...] Read more.
Impaired insulin secretion is one of the main causes of type 2 diabetes. Cholesterol accumulation-induced lipotoxicity contributes to impaired insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. However, the detailed mechanism in this process remains unclear. In this study, we proved that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) reduced insulin content, decreased PDX-1 expression, and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in INS-1 cells, which were rescued by addition of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). OxLDL receptors and cholesterol content were increased by OxLDL. Consistently, OxLDL suppressed cholesterol transporter ABCA1 expression and transcription in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Inhibition of MEK by its specific inhibitor, PD98059, altered the effect of OxLDL on ABCA1 transcription and activation of ERK. Next, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that liver X receptor (LXR) could directly bind to ABCA1 promoter and this binding was inhibited by OxLDL. Furthermore, OxLDL decreased the nuclear LXR expression, which was prevented by HDL. LXR-enhanced ABCA1 transcription was suppressed by OxLDL, and the effect was cancelled by mutation of the LXR-binding sites. In summary, our study shows that OxLDL down-regulates ABCA1 expression by MEK/ERK/LXR pathway, leading to cholesterol accumulation in INS-1 cells, which may result in impaired insulin synthesis and GSIS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Cholesterol and Human Health)
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16 pages, 2098 KiB  
Article
In Vivo Evaluation of Dendropanax morbifera Leaf Extract for Anti-Obesity and Cholesterol-Lowering Activity in Mice
by Ji-Hye Song, Hyunhee Kim, Minseok Jeong, Min Jung Kong, Hyo-Kyoung Choi, Woojin Jun, Yongjae Kim and Kyung-Chul Choi
Nutrients 2021, 13(5), 1424; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051424 - 23 Apr 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2982
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a worldwide health problem, and obesity is closely related to type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and cancer. According to WHO in 2018, the prevalence of obesity in 2016 tripled compared to 1975. D. morbifera reduces bad cholesterol and triglycerides [...] Read more.
Metabolic syndrome is a worldwide health problem, and obesity is closely related to type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and cancer. According to WHO in 2018, the prevalence of obesity in 2016 tripled compared to 1975. D. morbifera reduces bad cholesterol and triglycerides levels in the blood and provides various antioxidant nutrients and germicidal sub-stances, as well as selenium, which helps to remove active oxygen. Moreover, D. morbifera is useful for treating cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. Therefore, we study in vivo efficacy of D. morbifera to investigate the prevention effect of obesity and cholesterol. The weight and body fat were effectively reduced by D. morbifera water (DLW) extract administration to high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice compared to those of control mice. The group treated with DLW 500 mg∙kg−1∙d−1 had significantly lower body weights compared to the control group. In addition, High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased in the group treated with DLW 500 mg∙kg−1∙d−1. The effect of DLW on the serum lipid profile could be helpful to prevent obesity. DLW suppresses lipid formation in adipocytes and decreases body fat. In conclusion, DLW can be applied to develop anti-obesity functional foods and other products to reduce body fat. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Cholesterol and Human Health)
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