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Diet and Sleep: The Towers of Lifestyle, Wellness, and Survival

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2021) | Viewed by 31623

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Liborio Parrino

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Guest Editor

Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
Interests: sleep disorders; social jet-lag; chronotypes; sleep stages; cyclic alternating pattern (CAP)

Prof. Francesca Scazzina

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Guest Editor

Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
Interests: - Complex carbohydrate, dietary fibre, prebiotics and antioxidants in foods, and their effects on metabolism and intestinal functions. - Food educational health learning programs and children population surveys. - Child malnutrition in developing countries - Diet sustainability, applying the nutritionist's viewpoint to a topic that had been mainly faced with an ecological approach.
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Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Sleep is a central activity of our daily schedule and closely interacts with nutrition habits. The individual chronotype (owl vs lark) generally influences the time dedicated to the principal meals (breakfast and dinner) but also mobility and lifestyle choices affect food and nutrient intake. Moreover, shift work plays a well-known role in the organization of meals and sleep. Therefore, a Special Issue of Nutrients entitled “Diet and Sleep: The towers of lifestyle, wellness, and survival” could be dedicated to the mutual interaction between food and sleep: the pillars of survival and wellness.

The Special Issue welcomes manuscripts describing original research or reviewing scientific literature. Potential manuscripts include, but are not limited to, works investigating the following aspects:

The eating patterns of patients with insomnia, narcolepsy, periodic hypersomnolence, restless legs, nocturnal eating syndrome, somnambulism
Lifestyle habits (diet, physical activity, and sleep) in different populations
The impact of obesity on sleep behaviors, also before and after dietary and/or surgery intervention
Sleep and chrono-nutrition for opening new perspectives changing the misleading question “what should I eat to sleep better?” into “when should I eat to sleep better and lose weight?”

Prof. Liborio Parrino
Prof. Francesca Scazzina
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Insomnia
Depression
Narcolepsy
Periodic Hypersomnolence
Nocturnal Eating Syndrome
Sleep-related eating disorder
Disorders of arousal
Obesity
Obstructive sleep apnea
Bariatric surgery
Sleep
Chrono-nutrition
Food choices
Lifestyle

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2001 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Anxiolytic Effect and Improved Sleep Quality in Individuals Taking Lippia citriodora Extract

by Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez, María Martínez-Olcina, Juan Mora, Pau Navarro, Nuria Caturla and Jonathan Jones

Nutrients 2022, 14(1), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010218 - 04 Jan 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5597

Abstract

The current fast-moving, hectic lifestyle has increased the number of individuals worldwide with difficulties in managing stress, which in turn is also affecting their sleep quality. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to assess a natural plant-based dietary supplement comprised of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) extract, purified in phenylpropanoids, in alleviating stress and improving quality of sleep. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted for 8 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout period. Both validated questionnaires and functional tests were performed during the study, whereas questionnaires were used after the washout. As a result, the group taking the lemon verbena extract significantly reduced their perception of stress after 8 weeks, which was corroborated by a significant decrease in cortisol levels. After the washout period, the subjects reported to present even lower stress levels, due to the lasting effect of the ingredient. As for sleep quality, the subjects taking the supplement reported feeling better rested, with a stronger effect observed in women. Sleep tracking using a wearable device revealed that the supplement users improved their times in the deeper stages of sleep, specifically their percentage of time in deep sleep and REM. In conclusion, lemon verbena extract purified in phenylpropanoids is revealed as a natural solution to help individuals to improve their stress and sleep quality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Sleep: The Towers of Lifestyle, Wellness, and Survival)

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13 pages, 654 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Cross-Sectional Study of Evening Hyperphagia and Nocturnal Ingestion: Core Constituents of Night Eating Syndrome with Different Background Factors

by Kentaro Matsui, Yoko Komada, Isa Okajima, Yoshikazu Takaesu, Kenichi Kuriyama and Yuichi Inoue

Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 4179; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114179 - 22 Nov 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3495

Abstract

This web-based cross-sectional survey aimed to elucidate the differences between the two core symptoms of night eating syndrome (NES): evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestion in the general Japanese population aged 16–79 years. Participants who consumed at least 25% of daily calories after dinner were defined as having evening hyperphagia. Those who consumed food after sleep initiation at least twice a week were determined to have nocturnal ingestion. Of the 8348 participants, 119 (1.5%) were categorized in the evening hyperphagia group, 208 (2.6%) in the nocturnal ingestion group, and 8024 in the non-NES group. Participants with evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestion had significantly higher anxiety scores (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) and depression (p < 0.001 for both) than those without NES. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that evening hyperphagia was significantly and independently associated with higher body mass index, shorter sleep duration, later sleep-wake schedule, and higher insomnia score, while nocturnal ingestion was significantly and independently associated with younger age, smoking habit, living alone, earlier sleep-wake schedule, and higher insomnia score. Sleep duration and sleep-wake schedule characteristics in the two groups were opposite, suggesting differences in the sleep pathophysiology mechanisms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Sleep: The Towers of Lifestyle, Wellness, and Survival)

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21 pages, 711 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of Sleep Quality and Resilience on Perceived Stress, Dietary Behaviors, and Alcohol Misuse: A Mediation-Moderation Analysis of Higher Education Students from Asia, Europe, and North America during the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Chen Du, Megan Chong Hueh Zan, Min Jung Cho, Jenifer I. Fenton, Pao Ying Hsiao, Richard Hsiao, Laura Keaver, Chang-Chi Lai, HeeSoon Lee, Mary-Jon Ludy, Wan Shen, Winnie Chee Siew Swee, Jyothi Thrivikraman, Kuo-Wei Tseng, Wei-Chin Tseng, Stephen Doak, Sara Yi Ling Folk and Robin M. Tucker

Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 442; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020442 - 29 Jan 2021

Cited by 59 | Viewed by 13858

Abstract

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the already high levels of stress that higher education students experience. Stress influences health behaviors, including those related to dietary behaviors, alcohol, and sleep; yet the effects of stress can be mitigated by resilience. To date, past research studying the connections between dietary behaviors, alcohol misuse, sleep, and resilience commonly investigated singular relationships between two of the constructs. The aim of the current study was to explore the relationships between these constructs in a more holistic manner using mediation and moderation analyses. Methods: Higher education students from China, Ireland, Malaysia, South Korea, Taiwan, the Netherlands, and the United States were enrolled in a cross-sectional study from April to May 2020, which was during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic for most participants. An online survey, using validated tools, was distributed to assess perceived stress, dietary behaviors, alcohol misuse, sleep quality and duration, and resilience. Results: 2254 students completed the study. Results indicated that sleep quality mediated the relationship between perceived stress and dietary behaviors as well as the relationship between perceived stress and alcohol misuse. Further, increased resilience reduced the strength of the relationship between perceived stress and dietary behaviors but not alcohol misuse. Conclusion: Based on these results, higher education students are likely to benefit from sleep education and resilience training, especially during stressful events. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Sleep: The Towers of Lifestyle, Wellness, and Survival)

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Review

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19 pages, 982 KiB

Open AccessReview

Dietary Fibre Intervention for Gut Microbiota, Sleep, and Mental Health in Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Scoping Review

by Ran Yan, Lesley Andrew, Evania Marlow, Kanita Kunaratnam, Amanda Devine, Ian C. Dunican and Claus T. Christophersen

Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2159; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072159 - 23 Jun 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 7770

Abstract

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting 4–5% of the global population. This disorder is associated with gut microbiota, diet, sleep, and mental health. This scoping review therefore aims to map existing research that has administrated fibre-related dietary intervention to IBS individuals and reported outcomes on at least two of the three following themes: gut microbiota, sleep, and mental health. Five digital databases were searched to identify and select papers as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five articles were included in the assessment, where none reported on all three themes or the combination of gut microbiota and sleep. Two studies identified alterations in gut microbiota and mental health with fibre supplementation. The other three studies reported on mental health and sleep outcomes using subjective questionnaires. IBS-related research lacks system biology-type studies targeting gut microbiota, sleep, and mental health in patients undergoing diet intervention. Further IBS research is required to explore how human gut microbiota functions (such as short-chain fatty acids) in sleep and mental health, following the implementation of dietary pattern alteration or component supplementation. Additionally, the application of objective sleep assessments is required in order to detect sleep change with more accuracy and less bias. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Sleep: The Towers of Lifestyle, Wellness, and Survival)

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