Dietary Fibre Intervention for Gut Microbiota, Sleep, and Mental Health in Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Scoping Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
1.2. The Low-FODMAP Diet
1.3. Current Guidelines of Fibre Use in People with IBS
1.4. The Relationship of Dietary Fibre, SCFA, Sleep, Mental Health, and the Gut Microbiome
1.5. The Current Gap and the Purpose of This Scoping Review
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Selection Criteria
- The outcomes consisted of at least two out of three topics of: gut microbiota, sleep, and mental health.
- Study types included peer-reviewed case-controls, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, clinical trials, randomised controlled trials, non-randomised controlled trials, and pseudo-randomised trials.
- (1)
- Non-human studies;
- (2)
- Reviews, case reports, and systematic reviews;
- (3)
- Subjects are non-adults;
- (4)
- Non-English articles;
- (5)
- Articles without full text or study design or results are not available;
- (6)
- Interventions with probiotics, synbiotics, or medicine.
2.3. Study Selection
2.4. Data Extraction
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Included Studies
3.1.1. Study Designs and Interventions
3.1.2. Setting and Participants Characteristics
3.1.3. Dietary Fibre Intake Data
3.2. Outcomes Combining Gut Microbiota and Mental Health
3.3. Outcomes Combining Sleep and Mental Health
4. Discussion
4.1. Dietary Fibre Intake in IBS
4.2. Dietary Fibre Administration for People with IBS
4.3. Evolution of Diagnosis Guideline and Potential Impacts
4.4. Sleep Hierarchical Assessment Methods
4.5. Limitations
4.6. Future Research Recommendations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Concept | IBS | Fibre | Gut Microbiota | Sleep | Mental Health |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Keywords used in the search | IBS OR irritable bowel syndrome | diet * OR diet therapy OR diet * fibre OR diet * fibre OR fib * supplement OR fermentable carbohydrate OR FODMAP OR low-FODMAP OR low-FODMAP diet OR prebiotic | intestinal flora OR Gut microbio * OR gastrointestinal microbiome OR microbio * OR gut flora OR dysbiosis | sleep * OR insomnia OR sleep disorder * OR sleep problem * OR sleep deprivation OR sleep fragmentation * OR sleep disturbance OR sleep disruption OR sleep loss OR sleepless | mental * OR mental health |
Title | First Author, Country and Year | Type of Study | Participants | Dietary Intervention Approach | Intervention and Group Setting | Gut Microbiota Outcomes | Sleep (Subjective Questionnaire) | Mental Health Questionnaire | Outcomes in Sleep and Mental Health | Adverse Effects | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N Mean Age (Range) | Rome Criteria and IBS Subtype | Baseline Fibre Intake (g/day) | ||||||||||
A diet low in fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols improves quality of life and reduces activity impairment in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and diarrhoea | Eswaran, S. USA 2017 | RCT | N = 92; 42.6 (19–75) | III; IBS-D (female) | Dietitian consultations on the allocated diet | 4 week diet interventions Low-FODMAP diet Group n = 50 mNICE * Group n = 42 | Daily sleep quality rating and pre/post modified sleep questionnaire | HADS | HADS anxiety and depression and sleep all improved on Low-FODMAP diet group compared with baseline. Anxiety improved in mNICE group | NA | ||
Effects of scFOS on the composition of faecal microbiota and anxiety in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled study | Azpiroz, F. Spain and France2017 | RCT | N = 79; 41/42.4 ** (18–60) | III; IBS-D IBS-C IBS-M IBS-U | <20 g/day as required | Fibre supplementation | 4 week 5 g/day scFOS n = 41 placebo n = 38 | scFOS increased faecal bifidobacteria | HAD | Contrary with placebo, scFOS significantly reduced anxiety scores | n = 18, scFOS n = 21, placebo Symptoms were not reported | |
Clinical trial: the effects of a trans-galactooligosaccharide prebiotic on faecal microbiota and symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome | Silk, D.B.A. U.K. 2019 | Crossover RCT | N = 44; 54 (20–79) | II; IBS-D IBS-C IBS-A | Group I: 13.1 ± 4.06 Group II: 9.4 ± 3.46 Group III: 10.9 ± 5.04 | Fibre supplementation | 2 week baseline -> 4 week treatment -> 2 week washout -> 4 week treatment Group I n = 16: placebo 7 g/day --> GOS 3.5 g; Group II n = 14: placebo 7 g/day --> GOS 7 g; Group III n = 14: placebo 7 g/day -> placebo 7 day/g | GOS enhanced faecal bifidobacteria | HAD | GOS significantly improved anxiety scores compared to placebo treatment | n = 3 (moderate diarrhoea, n = 1; mild nausea = 2) | |
Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome on a low-FODMAP diet: A pilot study | Bellini, M. Italy 2017 | A pilot study, single arm | N = 26; 46.2 (18–65) | III; IBS-D IBS-C IBS-M | 20.5 ± 10.7 | Nutritionist instruction | 8 week low-FODMAP diet | PSQI | HADS | HADS anxiety improved, PSQI and HADS depression did not improve | NA | |
Low-FODMAP diet is associated with improved quality of life in IBS patients—A prospective observational study | Tim, L.; Kortlever, NZ and AU 2019 | A prospective observational study | N = 101; 41.9 (16–75) | III; IBS-D IBS-C IBS-M IBS-U | \ | Dietitian consultations at baseline and follow-up | dietitian consultation of low-FODMAP diet at baseline follow-up at week 6 (n = 70) and week 26 (n = 51) | Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire | State-Trait Personality Inventory *** | Anxiety improved at T6 and T26; Depression improved at T26; sleep did not improve | NA |
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Yan, R.; Andrew, L.; Marlow, E.; Kunaratnam, K.; Devine, A.; Dunican, I.C.; Christophersen, C.T. Dietary Fibre Intervention for Gut Microbiota, Sleep, and Mental Health in Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2159. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072159
Yan R, Andrew L, Marlow E, Kunaratnam K, Devine A, Dunican IC, Christophersen CT. Dietary Fibre Intervention for Gut Microbiota, Sleep, and Mental Health in Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Scoping Review. Nutrients. 2021; 13(7):2159. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072159
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan, Ran, Lesley Andrew, Evania Marlow, Kanita Kunaratnam, Amanda Devine, Ian C. Dunican, and Claus T. Christophersen. 2021. "Dietary Fibre Intervention for Gut Microbiota, Sleep, and Mental Health in Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Scoping Review" Nutrients 13, no. 7: 2159. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072159
APA StyleYan, R., Andrew, L., Marlow, E., Kunaratnam, K., Devine, A., Dunican, I. C., & Christophersen, C. T. (2021). Dietary Fibre Intervention for Gut Microbiota, Sleep, and Mental Health in Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Scoping Review. Nutrients, 13(7), 2159. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072159