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The Benefits of Diet, Physical Activity and Lifestyle Habits in Older Adults for Longevity

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Geriatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 September 2025) | Viewed by 5192

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Lei Feng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119007, Singapore
Interests: nutrition; supplement; dementia; cognitive decline; healthy longevity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

How to extend human lifespan and health is a challenging question that attracts huge interest from both academia and the industry. Many anti-aging interventions showed clear efficacy on experimental animals, such as c. eligans, drosophila, and mice, without definitive conclusions from human studies. Therefore, there is a clear gap in translating pre-clinical research evidence into humans. Many approaches may promote healthy longevity in older adults; some are being tested in large-scale trials such as the TAME trial, which aims to test whether metformin delays the development or progression of age-related chronic diseases. In our Special Issue, we will focus on dietary factors, physical activity, and healthy lifestyles. 

Dr. Lei Feng
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • diet
  • nutrition
  • supplement
  • physical activity
  • exercise
  • lifestyle
  • health behavior
  • longevity
  • health span

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 610 KB  
Article
Cheese Consumption and Incidence of Dementia in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese Adults: The JAGES 2019–2022 Cohort Study
by Seungwon Jeong, Takao Suzuki, Yusuke Inoue, Eunji Bang, Kentaro Nakamura, Mayuki Sasaki and Katsunori Kondo
Nutrients 2025, 17(21), 3363; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17213363 (registering DOI) - 25 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Dementia is a growing public health concern in rapidly aging Japan. Dietary factors, including dairy products, have been proposed as modifiable influences on cognitive health, although findings across studies remain inconsistent. This study aimed to examine the association between habitual cheese consumption [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Dementia is a growing public health concern in rapidly aging Japan. Dietary factors, including dairy products, have been proposed as modifiable influences on cognitive health, although findings across studies remain inconsistent. This study aimed to examine the association between habitual cheese consumption and incident dementia in a large, population-based cohort of older Japanese adults, and to provide epidemiological evidence regarding its potential preventive role in populations with low baseline dairy intake. Methods: We analyzed data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) 2019–2022 cohort, linking survey responses to long-term care insurance (LTCI) certification records. Participants aged ≥65 years without prior LTCI certification were included. Cheese consumption was assessed at baseline and categorized as ≥1 time/week vs. non-consumers. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied on sociodemographic and health-related covariates. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for incident dementia over three years. Results: After PSM, 7914 participants were analyzed (3957 consumers; 3957 non-consumers). Baseline covariates were well-balanced. Over 3 years, 134 consumers (3.4%) and 176 non-consumers (4.5%) developed dementia, corresponding to an absolute risk difference of 1.06 percentage points. Cheese consumption was associated with a lower hazard of dementia (HR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.60–0.95, p = 0.015). Conclusions: Habitual cheese consumption (≥1 time/week) was modestly associated with a reduced 3-year incidence of dementia in older Japanese adults. While the absolute risk reduction was small, these findings are consistent with prior observational evidence linking dairy intake to cognitive health. Further research is warranted to clarify dose–response relationships, cheese subtypes, and underlying mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Benefits of Diet, Physical Activity and Lifestyle Habits in Older Adults for Longevity)
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13 pages, 337 KB  
Article
Higher Local Food Consumption Is Associated with Higher Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Better Healthy Aging: Results of the DIAPELH Study
by Alexandra Foscolou, Giannoula Nikolaou, Trisevgeni Pratti, Antigone Kouskouti, Vasiliki Kanellaki, Eirini Machaira, Izabella Bekari, Evanthia Chalari, Aristea Gazouli and Aristea Gioxari
Nutrients 2025, 17(18), 2975; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17182975 - 17 Sep 2025
Viewed by 604
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Sustainable dietary patterns in geriatrics have gained considerable attention. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated whether higher consumption of locally produced foods is associated with higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet and with better healthy aging status among Greek older adults. [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Sustainable dietary patterns in geriatrics have gained considerable attention. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated whether higher consumption of locally produced foods is associated with higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet and with better healthy aging status among Greek older adults. Methods: Sociodemographic, anthropometrical, lifestyle, dietary, cognitive, and mental characteristics assessed through validated questionnaires and procedures, were assessed. Participants (N = 449) were divided into three local food consumption groups/tertiles: “high” (≥45% of total dietary intake), “moderate” (27–44%) and “low” (≤26%). MedDietScore (0–55) was used to assess the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and SAI (0–10) to assess healthy aging. Results: Older adults of the “high” group showed an increase of 0.817 units in the SAI index compared to older adults of the “low” group. Additionally, high local food consumption was also associated with higher SAI levels (b = 0.493, p = 0.007) compared to the “moderate” group. Among older individuals whose diet comprises over 45% local foods, an increase of approximately 2.8 and 1.95 units in the MedDietScore was detected when compared to the “low” and “moderate” groups. Conclusions: Higher consumption of local foods, and more specifically consuming local foods in more than 45% of the total dietary intake, is associated with greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet and better healthy aging. The results suggest that food locality may play an important role in shaping better dietary habits, health trajectories, and quality of life of older adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Benefits of Diet, Physical Activity and Lifestyle Habits in Older Adults for Longevity)
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16 pages, 1517 KB  
Article
Global Trends and Developments in Diet and Longevity Research: A Bibliometric Analysis
by Simge Sipahi, Kezban Esen Karaca Çelik, Nurhan Doğan, Theodora Mouratidou and Murat Baş
Nutrients 2025, 17(13), 2119; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17132119 - 26 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1477
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The global population is rapidly aging, raising interest in dietary practices for promoting the healthspan. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the state of diet and longevity research over the past decade, addressing the lack of bibliometric synthesis within the field. [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The global population is rapidly aging, raising interest in dietary practices for promoting the healthspan. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the state of diet and longevity research over the past decade, addressing the lack of bibliometric synthesis within the field. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed using the keywords “diet” and “longevity” on English-language articles from the Web of Science database that were published from 2015 to 2024. Data were analyzed using Web of Science tools, InCites, and VOSviewer to identify trends in publication output, citation metrics, coauthorship networks, institutional contributions, and keyword co-occurrence patterns. Results: Overall, 2203 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. Publication volume and citation counts gradually increased, peaking in 2021. Countries, including the United Kingdom, and organizations, such as the National Institutes of Health and Harvard University, had significant citation impact, and the United States and China led productivity. Molecular processes (oxidative stress and autophagy), dietary models (Mediterranean diet and calorie restriction), and public health issues (obesity and mortality) were the main thematic clusters. Model species, including Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, were frequently used. Regional disparities in research production and notable terminology variability were noted. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the development and diversity of nutrition and longevity research while highlighting novel molecular and translational topics. More international cooperation, uniform language, and multidisciplinary frameworks are warranted to promote equal scientific advancement worldwide and connect mechanistic discoveries with therapeutic outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Benefits of Diet, Physical Activity and Lifestyle Habits in Older Adults for Longevity)
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Other

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27 pages, 1336 KB  
Systematic Review
Effects of Strength Training on Body Composition, Physical Performance, and Protein or Calcium Intake in Older People with Osteosarcopenia: A Meta-Analysis
by Jordan Hernandez-Martinez, Braulio Henrique Magnani Branco, Edgar Vasquez-Carrasco, Izham Cid-Calfucura, Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela, Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz, Pedro Delgado-Floody, Yeny Concha-Cisternas and Pablo Valdés-Badilla
Nutrients 2025, 17(17), 2852; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17172852 - 2 Sep 2025
Viewed by 2143
Abstract
Objective: this systematic review with a meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the available body of published peer-reviewed randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies on the effects of different doses and types of strength training (ST) on body composition, physical performance, and protein or calcium intake [...] Read more.
Objective: this systematic review with a meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the available body of published peer-reviewed randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies on the effects of different doses and types of strength training (ST) on body composition, physical performance, and protein or calcium intake in older people with osteosarcopenia. Method: a systematic literature search was conducted between July 2024 and August 2025 using five databases: PubMed, Medline, CINAHL Complete, Scopus, and Web of Science. PRISMA, TESTEX, RoB 2, and GRADE tools assessed methodological quality and certainty of evidence. Hedge’s g effect sizes were calculated for the abovementioned variables for the meta-analysis. Results: the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42025643858). Of 141 registers, seven RCTs with 349 participants were included. Seven overall and two subgroup meta-analyses showed significant increases in skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI; p < 0.01), maximal isometric handgrip strength (MIHS; p = 0.03), and protein intake (p = 0.03). There were no significant differences in bone mineral density (BMD), body fat percentage (BFP), gait speed, and calcium intake. However, meta-analysis by subgroups showed significant decreases in BFP (p = 0.01) in favor of elastic band training versus resistance training, with no significant differences in BMD. Conclusions: ST in older people with osteosarcopenia conditions increases SMMI, MIHS, and protein intake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Benefits of Diet, Physical Activity and Lifestyle Habits in Older Adults for Longevity)
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