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Nutrients
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Nutrition in Fertility, Pregnancy and Offspring Health
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Nutrition in Fertility, Pregnancy and Offspring Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition in Women".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 November 2025) | Viewed by 988

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Enav Yefet

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baruch Padeh Medical Center Poriya, Tiberias 1410000, Israel
2. Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1310000, Israel
Interests: maternal; fetal medicine; diabetes; microbiome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zohar Nachum

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel
2. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
Interests: maternal; fetal; medicine; diabetes in pregnancy; microbiome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nutrition plays a pivotal role in a woman's health throughout her life, influencing her reproductive outcomes, chronic disease risk, and overall wellbeing. This Special Issue, "Nutrition in Fertility, Pregnancy and Offspring Health", will explore the multifaceted relationship between dietary factors and female-specific health concerns. Our aim is to collect cutting-edge research and comprehensive reviews that delve into topics such as nutritional strategies for optimal fertility, gestational nutrition and fetal programming.

By highlighting both established knowledge and emerging trends, this Special Issue will provide healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers with significant insights to inform evidence-based nutritional recommendations and interventions tailored to women's unique physiological needs and health challenges during reproductive and pregnancy periods.

Dr. Enav Yefet
Dr. Zohar Nachum
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrition
  • women
  • pregnancy
  • probiotics
  • reproduction
  • dietary supplements

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 1814 KB  
Article
Defining Low Milk Supply: A Data-Driven Diagnostic Framework and Risk Factor Analysis for Breastfeeding Women
by Xuehua Jin, Ching Tat Lai, Sharon L. Perrella, Zoya Gridneva, Jacki L. McEachran, Ghulam Mubashar Hassan, Nicolas L. Taylor and Donna T. Geddes
Nutrients 2025, 17(22), 3524; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17223524 - 11 Nov 2025
Viewed by 723
Abstract
Background: Current low milk supply (LMS) definitions use subjective maternal perceptions or arbitrary thresholds for 24 h milk production (MP), potentially misclassifying cases. This study aimed to re-evaluate the definition of LMS using data-driven approaches and investigate associated maternal risk factors. Methods: Lactating [...] Read more.
Background: Current low milk supply (LMS) definitions use subjective maternal perceptions or arbitrary thresholds for 24 h milk production (MP), potentially misclassifying cases. This study aimed to re-evaluate the definition of LMS using data-driven approaches and investigate associated maternal risk factors. Methods: Lactating mothers 4–26 weeks postpartum (n = 460) provided demographic, obstetric, and infant data and measured 24 h MP and infant milk intake using the test-weighing method. Infant growth was calculated as their weight-for-age z-score. Latent profile analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and multinomial logistic regression were used for classification, diagnostic evaluation, and risk factor assessment for LMS. Results: Four milk supply classes emerged: Class 1 with adequate MP, infant intake and infant growth (n = 254); Class 2 with high MP exceeding infant demand and adequate growth (n = 30); Class 3 with slow infant growth despite moderate MP (n = 120); and Class 4 with extremely low MP and high formula intake (n = 56). Classes 1 and 2 were grouped as the normal milk supply group (61.7%), while Classes 3 and 4 formed the LMS group (38.3%). New thresholds were identified for 24 h MP (708 mL/24 h, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.92) and infant breast milk intake (694 mL/24 h, AUC = 0.94) with high diagnostic accuracy. Moreover, practical alternative thresholds for infant average daily weight gain (26 g, AUC = 0.89), formula intake (122 mL/24 h, AUC = 0.89) and formula-to-growth ratio (4 mL/g, AUC = 0.94) were established for the identification of LMS. Minimal breast growth during pregnancy (Odds ratio (OR) = 4.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.3–9.6), advanced maternal age (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.0–4.5), and gestational diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–4.0) were significant risk factors related to the LMS subgroups. Co-existence of maternal advanced age and overweight showed greatly amplified risk of LMS (OR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.3–10.5), and a more pronounced risk was observed for the combination of minimal breast growth and advanced maternal age (OR = 9.2, 95% CI: 3.0–28.3). Conclusions: This data-driven classification of LMS and identified risk factors may enhance the precision of LMS diagnosis and guide targeted interventions for lactating mothers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition in Fertility, Pregnancy and Offspring Health)
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