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Potassium Intake: Mechanisms and Health Outcomes

A Special Issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643) belonging to the section "Micronutrients and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 December 2026 | Viewed by 1529

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Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: potassium intake; salt intake; cardiovascular disease; hypertension; metabolism; meta-analysis
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Potassium is a key dietary factor with important implications for human health, particularly in relation to cardiovascular prevention. A substantial body of evidence indicates that higher potassium intake is associated with more favorable health outcomes. Nevertheless, potassium intake at the population level remains suboptimal worldwide, and recommended intake targets are frequently not achieved.

A central aspect of potassium nutrition is its close relationship with sodium intake. The dietary sodium–potassium balance has emerged as a relevant target for both clinical and public health strategies, with primary emphasis on food-based approaches aimed at increasing potassium intake while reducing sodium consumption. Within this framework, potassium supplementation and the use of potassium-enriched or potassium-added, low-sodium salts represent an evolving and potentially promising area, offering practical tools to improve electrolyte balance at the population level. However, these strategies should be regarded as complementary to dietary interventions and considered mainly in specific conditions or scenarios. Moreover, evidence regarding their long-term effectiveness, safety, and suitability across different population subgroups remains limited, highlighting the need for further targeted research and careful evaluation in diverse clinical and public health contexts.

Beyond cardiovascular outcomes, potassium intake has been linked to a range of non-cardiovascular conditions, such as nephrolithiasis, bone health, and glucose metabolism, although the available evidence remains heterogeneous. In parallel, recommended potassium intake thresholds differ considerably among international scientific societies and health authorities, reflecting variations in evidence interpretation and methodological approaches. This variability highlights the need for further research aimed at refining intake thresholds and supporting the harmonization of international guidelines.

In this evolving field, artificial intelligence and advanced data-driven methods offer new opportunities to integrate large datasets, explore intake–response relationships, and improve the precision of potassium intake recommendations across different populations and clinical contexts.

This Special Issue of Nutrients aims to collect original research articles and reviews addressing potassium intake from dietary and supplemental sources, potassium-enriched salts, interactions with sodium, and health outcomes in the general population and in specific clinical conditions, including studies applying artificial intelligence to potassium research. Together, these contributions may help strengthen the evidence base and inform the development of more consistent, evidence-based international recommendations.

We look forward to your contributions.

Dr. Lanfranco D’Elia
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • dietary potassium
  • potassium intake
  • urinary potassium excretion
  • potassium supplementation
  • salt substitutes
  • sodium–potassium balance
  • cardiovascular disease
  • blood pressure
  • kidney health
  • nephrolithiasis
  • bone health
  • glucose metabolism
  • artificial intelligence

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

18 pages, 3644 KB  
Review
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Dietary Potassium Intake: A Narrative Review of Epidemiological Evidence
by Lanfranco D’Elia, Saverio Stranges, Francesco P. Cappuccio, Pasquale Strazzullo and Ferruccio Galletti
Nutrients 2026, 18(4), 551; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18040551 - 7 Feb 2026
Viewed by 1084
Abstract
Background. The Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) is recognised as one of the most evidence-based dietary models for the prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Its plant-rich composition suggests an inherently high potassium intake, yet epidemiological findings on the association between MDP adherence and potassium [...] Read more.
Background. The Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) is recognised as one of the most evidence-based dietary models for the prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Its plant-rich composition suggests an inherently high potassium intake, yet epidemiological findings on the association between MDP adherence and potassium intake remain heterogeneous. The present review aims to summarise and critically evaluate the available evidence on the association between adherence to the MDP and dietary potassium intake in the adult population. Methods. We conducted a narrative review of observational, longitudinal and interventional studies evaluating the relationship between MDP adherence and dietary potassium intake (self-reported assessment and/or 24 h urinary potassium). MEDLINE/PubMed was searched from inception to 30 October 2025, additional studies were identified by reference screening. Results. From a total of 263 studies retrieved, 10 eligible studies (7 cross-sectional, 1 longitudinal, 2 randomised controlled trials) from Europe, Asia and North America were synthesised. Questionnaire-based studies consistently indicated higher potassium intake with greater MDP adherence, whereas biomarker-based findings were more variable and often attenuated, particularly in studies relying on single or unvalidated 24 h urine collections and selected samples. Overall risk of bias was high for most observational studies, while randomised trials were generally rated as having some concerns. Conclusions. Higher MDP adherence is generally associated with higher potassium intake, but estimates vary by how MDP adherence is defined and scored, the potassium assessment method, and population context. Current evidence remains insufficient to quantify potassium’s potential contribution as a candidate mediator without formal mediation analyses and robust exposure assessment, including repeated validated 24 h urine collections. Standardised scoring, routine reporting of potassium, sodium, and the Na/K ratio, and triangulation across dietary, biomarker and intervention evidence are key priorities to strengthen inference. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Potassium Intake: Mechanisms and Health Outcomes)
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