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Diet, Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health—2nd Edition

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2025) | Viewed by 3046

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Guest Editor
School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: evidence-based nutrition and dietetics; hypertension; vascular ageing
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are unequivocally established as prominent contributors to global mortality, consistently ranking among the leading causes of death worldwide. In light of this considerable impact, concerted efforts in prevention, early detection, and optimal management strategies are imperative for addressing CVDs as an urgent global public health priority.

Diet and nutrition play a pivotal role in cardiovascular health, exerting profound effects on the prevention and management of CVDs. The assortment of published articles underscores the paramount importance of a healthy-heart diet, emphasizing the influence of critical nutrients, dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet and DASH diet, and specific food groups on cardiovascular health.

This Special Issue aims to provide insights into the complex relationship between diet, nutrition, and cardiovascular health. It will explore the latest research findings, cutting-edge interventions, and evidence-based recommendations to empower healthcare professionals that can contribute to improved cardiovascular outcomes.

Dr. Areti Triantafyllou
Guest Editor

Xenophon Theodoridis
Guest Editor Assistant

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Keywords

  • evidence-based nutrition and dietetics
  • prevention
  • management
  • cardiovascular disease
  • cardiovascular risk factors

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 948 KiB  
Article
Loop Diuretic Dose and Nutritional Status of Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
by Filip Sawczak, Aleksandra Soloch, Maria Cierzniak, Alicja Szubarga, Kamila Kurkiewicz-Sawczak, Agata Kukfisz, Magdalena Szczechla, Helena Krysztofiak, Magdalena Dudek, Ewa Straburzyńska-Migaj and Marta Kałużna-Oleksy
Nutrients 2025, 17(13), 2105; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17132105 - 25 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Loop diuretics are among the most commonly used drugs in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Higher doses of these diuretics are associated with poorer clinical status and may contribute to malnutrition. The study aims to assess the relationship [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Loop diuretics are among the most commonly used drugs in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Higher doses of these diuretics are associated with poorer clinical status and may contribute to malnutrition. The study aims to assess the relationship between the use of high-dose loop diuretics and nutritional status in patients with HFrEF. Methods: The study included 353 hospitalized patients with HFrEF. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), the Geriatric Nutritional Index (GNRI), and the CONtrolling NUTritional status (CONUT). Patients were divided into three groups according to the daily dose of loop diuretics (defined as furosemide equivalent = 1 × furosemide dose and 2 × torsemide dose): low dose (LD), 40 mg/day or no treatment; medium dose (MD), 41–160 mg/day; or high dose (HD), >160 mg/day. Results: Of the evaluated patients, the mean MNA score was 23.31 ± 2.93 points, and 49.8% were at risk of malnutrition or malnourished. According to the MNA, patients in HD and MD groups had worse nutritional status than the LD group, similarly according to the GNRI. For CONUT, the differences were significant between all groups: nutritional status was the worst in the HD group, intermediate in the MD group, and the best in the LD group. Conclusions: The intake of loop diuretics, especially in high doses, correlates with an elevated risk of malnutrition in patients with HFrEF independently of sex, age, NYHA class, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health—2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 245 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Activity Tracking Apps on Physical Activity and Glycemic Control in People with Prediabetes Compared to Normoglycemic Individuals: A Pilot Study
by Aikaterini Kalampoki, Evangelia E. Ntzani, Alexandros-Georgios I. Asimakopoulos, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Nikolaos Tentolouris, Georgia Anastasiou, Petros-Spyridonas Adamidis, Kalliopi Kotsa and Evangelos C. Rizos
Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010135 - 31 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Introduction—Aim: Adopting a lifestyle that incorporates regular physical activity confers substantial benefits to both physical and mental health and is recommended for prediabetic individuals. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of activity tracking apps on increasing physical activity and [...] Read more.
Introduction—Aim: Adopting a lifestyle that incorporates regular physical activity confers substantial benefits to both physical and mental health and is recommended for prediabetic individuals. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of activity tracking apps on increasing physical activity and its effect on glycemic control in people with prediabetes. Materials and Methods: This pilot study included 37 participants, 18 in the prediabetic group and 19 in the normoglycemic group matched for age and gender (mean age 53 years, 40% males). Participants used the Google Fit app for 3 months. The number of daily steps was recorded via the app, and blood and urine tests as well as body fat measurements were conducted before and following 3 months of app use. The co-primary outcome was the change in steps, and the change in HbA1c in both groups. Secondary outcomes were the change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (main secondary outcome), as well as lipid parameters, body mass index, visceral fat, and kidney function indices among the two groups. Results: Both groups increased the daily step count following the app intervention, without any statistically significant difference when we compared the steps change between the two groups. We found a statistically significant difference between HbA1c levels in favor of the prediabetic compared to the normoglycemic group [mean difference (MD) 0.16, 95%CI 0.04, 0.28, p-value 0.01)], following the 3-month intervention. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between FPG levels in favor of the prediabetic compared to the normoglycemic group (MD 9.06, 95%CI 4.16, 13.96, p-value 0.001). Conclusions: The present study suggests that the use of activity tracking apps, combined with tailored activity goals and monthly supportive phone calls, may contribute to improved glycemic control among individuals with prediabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health—2nd Edition)

Review

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17 pages, 1424 KiB  
Review
Endothelial Homeostasis Under the Influence of Alcohol—Relevance to Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
by Yusof Gusti, Weimin Liu, Fathima Athar, Paul A. Cahill and Eileen M. Redmond
Nutrients 2025, 17(5), 802; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17050802 - 26 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Alcohol, in the form of ethyl alcohol or ethanol, is a widely consumed substance with significant implications for human health. Research studies indicate multifaceted effects of alcohol on the cardiovascular system with both protective and harmful effects on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), depending [...] Read more.
Alcohol, in the form of ethyl alcohol or ethanol, is a widely consumed substance with significant implications for human health. Research studies indicate multifaceted effects of alcohol on the cardiovascular system with both protective and harmful effects on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), depending on the amount involved and the pattern of consumption. Among the critical components of the cardiovascular system are endothelial cells which line blood vessels. These cells are pivotal in maintaining vessel homeostasis, regulating blood flow, and preventing thrombosis. Their compromised function correlates with arterial disease progression and is predictive of cardiovascular events. Here we review research investigating how alcohol exposure affects the endothelium to gain insight into potential mechanisms mediating alcohol’s influence on ASCVD underlying heart attacks and strokes. Studies highlight opposite effects of low versus high levels of alcohol on many endothelial functions. In general, low-to-moderate levels of alcohol (~5–25 mM) maintain the endothelium in a non-activated state supporting vascular homeostasis, while higher alcohol levels (≥50 mM) lead to endothelial dysfunction and promotes atherosclerosis. These biphasic endothelial effects of alcohol might underlie the varying impacts of different alcohol consumption patterns on ASCVD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health—2nd Edition)
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