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Nutrients
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Nutrition, Immune and Inflammation-Related Diseases
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Nutrition, Immune and Inflammation-Related Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 April 2024) | Viewed by 3293

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Patrick Orlando

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
Interests: bioactive compounds; analytical chromatography; oxidative stress; inflammation; ageing; ROS signaling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Camilla Morresi

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
Interests: bioactive compounds; oxidative stress; inflammation; human nutrition; lipoproteins; Paraoxonase2

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Inflammation is part of the body's defense mechanism and is based on the activation of immune and non-immune cells able to recognize and remove harmful and foreign stimuli (e.g., bacteria, viruses, toxins and infections), promoting tissue repair and recovery. Failure in resolving inflammation and/or long-term, repeated stimulation of the immune system may lead to systemic chronic inflammation, which is involved in the disease process of many conditions, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), etc. In this context, dietary nutrients play a key role in promoting or inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators’ production.  An unbalanced diet that is hyperaloric, rich in saturated fatty acids and/or refined sugar, or low in bioactive compounds can alter the immune balance toward pro-inflammation. Conversely, an adequate diet is able to maintain immune homeostasis directly by interacting with innate and adaptive immune components, or indirectly through gut microbiota and their metabolites. This Special Issue, titled “Nutrition, Immune and Inflammation-Related Diseases”, aims to collect original articles as well as review articles that share information on the role of the diet components in preventing or ameliorating systemic inflammatory diseases by promoting improved immune health."

Dr. Patrick Orlando
Dr. Camilla Morresi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chronic diseases
  • gut microbiota
  • inflammation
  • nutrients
  • diet
  • immune system
  • probiotics
  • supplements
  • human health

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 812 KiB  
Article
The Distinct Regulation of the Vitamin D and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors in COVID-19
by Oliver Robak, Marie-Theres Kastner, Astrid Voill-Glaninger, André Viveiros and Christoph Steininger
Nutrients 2024, 16(5), 598; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050598 - 22 Feb 2024
Viewed by 796
Abstract
(1) Background: SARS-CoV-2 affects several immune pathways, including the vitamin D (VDR) and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathways (AhR). The aim of the study was the evaluation of the VDR and AhR pathways in the blood of COVID-19 patients with regard to the [...] Read more.
(1) Background: SARS-CoV-2 affects several immune pathways, including the vitamin D (VDR) and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathways (AhR). The aim of the study was the evaluation of the VDR and AhR pathways in the blood of COVID-19 patients with regard to the severity of disease. (2) Methods: Observational, single-center, case–control design. A total of 240 samples were selected for exploration. Patients who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 but suffered from other respiratory infections (ORIs) served as a control group. (3) Results: VDR-specific mRNA in the blood of patients with mild symptoms (131.2 ± 198.6) was significantly upregulated relative to the VDR expression of the ORI group (23.24 ± 42.60; p < 0.0001); however, VDR expression of critically ill patients showed an impaired upregulation (54.73 ± 68.34; p < 0.001). CYP27B1 expression was not significantly regulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection. There was a downregulation of VDR and CYP27B1 compared to survivors. There was no significant difference in 25(OH)-vitamin D3 levels between critically ill patients with regard to survival (24.3 ± 9.4 vs. 27.1 ± 11.3; p = 0.433). (4) Conclusion: The VDR and AhR pathways are distinctively regulated in patients suffering from COVID-19 depending on the severity of disease. A combination treatment of antiviral drugs and vitamin D substitution should be evaluated for potentially improved prognosis in COVID-19. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Immune and Inflammation-Related Diseases)
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Review

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29 pages, 3358 KiB  
Review
B Vitamins, Glucoronolactone and the Immune System: Bioavailability, Doses and Efficiency
by Camelia Munteanu and Betty Schwartz
Nutrients 2024, 16(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010024 (registering DOI) - 20 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2184
Abstract
The present review deals with two main ingredients of energy/power drinks: B vitamins and glucuronolactone and their possible effect on the immune system. There is a strong relationship between the recommended daily dose of selected B vitamins and a functional immune system. Regarding [...] Read more.
The present review deals with two main ingredients of energy/power drinks: B vitamins and glucuronolactone and their possible effect on the immune system. There is a strong relationship between the recommended daily dose of selected B vitamins and a functional immune system. Regarding specific B vitamins: (1) Riboflavin is necessary for the optimization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the fight against bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. (2) Niacin administered within normal doses to obese rats can change the phenotype of skeletal fibers, and thereby affect muscle metabolism. This metabolic phenotype induced by niacin treatment is also confirmed by stimulation of the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of free fatty acids (FFAs) and oxidative phosphorylation at this level. (3) Vitamin B5 effects depend primarily on the dose, thus large doses can cause diarrhea or functional disorders of the digestive tract whereas normal levels are effective in wound healing, liver detoxification, and joint health support. (4) High vitamin B6 concentrations (>2000 mg per day) have been shown to exert a significant negative impact on the dorsal root ganglia. Whereas, at doses of approximately 70 ng/mL, sensory symptoms were reported in 80% of cases. (5) Chronic increases in vitamin B12 have been associated with the increased incidence of solid cancers. Additionally, glucuronolactone, whose effects are not well known, represents a controversial compound. (6) Supplementing with D-glucarates, such as glucuronolactone, may help the body’s natural defense system function better to inhibit different tumor promoters and carcinogens and their consequences. Cumulatively, the present review aims to evaluate the relationship between the selected B vitamins group, glucuronolactone, and the immune system and their associations to bioavailability, doses, and efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Immune and Inflammation-Related Diseases)
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