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Antioxidant Effects of Bioactive Ingredients in Humans: Insights From the Cellular and Molecular Levels

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Phytochemicals and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 May 2025 | Viewed by 863

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Interests: phytochemicals; polyphenols; nutraceuticals; bioactives; medicinal chemistry; synthetic chemistry; analytical chemistry; biological screening; natural products; drug discovery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
2. Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
Interests: phenolic compounds; polyphenols; neuroprotection; antioxidant; nutraceutical; olive oil; medicinal chemistry; analytical chemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The regular consumption of fruits and vegetables has preventative effects against various chronic diseases that are closely associated with oxidative stress and inflammation due to the presence of bioactive compounds. Dietary bioactives, particularly phytochemicals such as polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamins, and fibers, are recognized for their beneficial health properties, including their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Therefore, bioactives appear to be novel candidates for both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Nevertheless, some pharmacokinetic drawbacks, including reduced intestinal absorption, low bioavailability, and rapid metabolic modifications, should be assessed to exploit their therapeutical properties.

The purpose of this Special Issue, entitled "Antioxidant Effects of Bioactive Ingredients in Humans: Insights From the Cellular and Molecular Levels", is to collect and discuss the recent developments in research regarding all of the aspects of bioactive compounds that are involved in various diseases, mediated by inflammatory and oxidative processes. More specifically, original papers should focus on the implication of dietary bioactive compounds in different molecular pathways and propose modern cell and molecular biology methodologies. Furthermore, considering bioavailability as a key element to ensure the bioefficacy of these compounds, studies on the absorption and metabolism of dietary bioactive compounds are appreciated. This Special Issue will include both original scientific research and systematic reviews.

Dr. Doretta Cuffaro
Dr. Maria Digiacomo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • polyphenols
  • bioactive compounds
  • food
  • antioxidant
  • anti-inflammatory
  • bioavailability
  • health properties
  • oxidative stress
  • phytochemicals
  • nutraceutical

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 2861 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Inulin and Polyphenol Content and the Cytotoxicity of Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum Root Extracts Obtained by Pectinase- and Pressure-Assisted Extraction
by Łukasz Duda, Grażyna Budryn, Monika Anna Olszewska, Magdalena Rutkowska, Weronika Kruczkowska, Katarzyna Grabowska, Damian Kołat, Andrzej Jaśkiewicz, Zbigniew Włodzimierz Pasieka and Karol Kamil Kłosiński
Nutrients 2025, 17(6), 1040; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17061040 - 16 Mar 2025
Viewed by 749
Abstract
Background: Cichorium intybus L., a member of the Asteraceae family, has numerous health-promoting properties that categorize its preparations as functional foods and herbal medicines. Most previous research focused on the root of C. intybus var. sativum (industrial chicory) as a rich source [...] Read more.
Background: Cichorium intybus L., a member of the Asteraceae family, has numerous health-promoting properties that categorize its preparations as functional foods and herbal medicines. Most previous research focused on the root of C. intybus var. sativum (industrial chicory) as a rich source of inulin, while the witloof variety (C. intybus var. foliosum) is less explored. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of C. intybus var. foliosum root extracts obtained with different extraction protocols and to analyze their polysaccharide and polyphenol content. Methods: Freeze-dried root extracts were prepared using water and three extraction methods: pectinase-assisted, pressure-assisted, and a combination of both. The contents of inulin, total polyphenols, and total caffeic acid derivatives in the extracts were measured by the Layne–Eynon, Folin–Ciocalteu, and UHPLC-PDA methods, respectively. Cytotoxicity of the extracts and inulin was tested in vitro using the L929 cell line, MTT method, and paracetamol as the reference standard. Results: Inulin levels in the extracts ranged from 43.88 to 50.95 g/100 g dry matter (dm), total polyphenols were between 816.7 and 906.4 mg/100 g dm, and total phenolic acids ranged from 11.50 to 187.1 mg/100 dm, with pressure-assisted extraction yielding the highest phytochemical recovery. The cytotoxicity tests showed IC50 values from 4.72 to 7.31 mg/mL for the extracts, compared to 3.02 for paracetamol and 19.77 for inulin. Conclusions: Given the high content of active compounds and low cytotoxicity, the root extracts of C. intybus var. foliosum merit further research into their functional and medicinal properties. Pressure-assisted extraction is recommended for effective extraction of chicory. Full article
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