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Dietary Intake and Age-Related Cognitive Decline

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Geriatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 October 2026 | Viewed by 1569

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Guest Editor
Department of Neurology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
Interests: cognitive decline; cohort study; nutrition; Alzheimer’s disease; older adults; MRI
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As populations age, the increasing number of older adults with dementia and cognitive decline presents growing challenges to both individual quality of life and public health. The relationships between nutritional status and age-related cognitive decline have been drawing increasing attention, particularly regarding how dietary habits and nutrient intake patterns may be associated with a reduced risk of dementia. This topic explores the latest evidence on the roles of micronutrients, such as vitamins, which contribute to neuroprotective mechanisms; the impact of sarcopenia and frailty; and the influence of dietary patterns, including the Mediterranean and DASH diets, which have been associated with healthier aging and reduced neurodegenerative risk. By integrating findings from epidemiological studies, cohort research, and biomarker-based investigations, this topic seeks to advance understanding of how nutrition can contribute to the prevention or mitigation of cognitive decline in older adults. We welcome contributions that reflect current scientific trends and offer novel insights into this multidisciplinary field.

Dr. Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cognitive decline
  • nutritional status
  • dietary patterns
  • vitamins
  • sarcopenia
  • frailty

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 712 KB  
Article
Tailored Nutritional Intervention Based on AI-Assessed Dietary Assessment in Nutritionally Compromised Older Adults: Impact on Anthropometric, Cognitive, and EEG Parameters
by Yejin Seo, Soyoung Jung, Hae Jin Kang, Hee-Sook Lim, Ji Youn Hong, Jean Kyung Paik, Dayeon Shin, Yujung Lee, Seung Wan Kang and Yoo Kyoung Park
Nutrients 2026, 18(15), 2415; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18152415 - 24 Jul 2026
Viewed by 465
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dietary intake-guided precision nutrition interventions, derived from AI-driven food intake monitoring, improve cognitive function and electroencephalographic (EEG) biomarkers in older adults receiving long-term care. Methods: A total of 108 adults aged [...] Read more.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dietary intake-guided precision nutrition interventions, derived from AI-driven food intake monitoring, improve cognitive function and electroencephalographic (EEG) biomarkers in older adults receiving long-term care. Methods: A total of 108 adults aged ≥50 years were recruited from five long-term care facilities. The study included 4 weeks of AI-driven dietary data collection, 2 weeks of data analysis and participant grouping, and 4 weeks of targeted nutritional intervention. Dietary intake was assessed using an AI-based food scanner. Anthropometric measures, biochemical markers, nutritional and cognitive questionnaires, and EEG were evaluated at baseline and postintervention. Participants were classified into three groups based on nutrient intake: “severely inadequate,” “marginally inadequate,” and “adequate.” Tailored food-based interventions, including nut mixes, senior-friendly meat products, and oral nutritional supplements, were provided according to group classification. Results: Energy intake increased in all groups. Nutritional status and cognitive function improved primarily in the severely inadequate group, while favorable EEG changes were observed across all groups. Changes in dietary composition and lipid profiles were observed in the “adequate” group, whereas the “marginally inadequate” group showed no significant changes. Conclusions: AI-based monitoring and nutritional intervention may improve nutritional status, cognitive-related outcomes, and EEG biomarkers in older adults receiving long-term care, supporting the potential of precision nutrition approaches in this population. Clinical Trial Registration KCT0009558 (CRIS, Republic of Korea). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Intake and Age-Related Cognitive Decline)
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16 pages, 1665 KB  
Article
Serum Albumin Levels Are Associated with Total Brain and Hippocampal Volume but Not with White Matter Lesion Volume in Older Japanese Adults Without Cognitive Decline: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Yuta Usui, Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara, Makoto Mori, Shutaro Shibata, Taro Ozaki, Ayano Shima, Yasuyuki Taki, Kazuhiro Uchida, Takanori Honda, Jun Hata, Tomoyuki Ohara, Tatsuya Mikami, Tetsuya Maeda, Masaru Mimura, Kenji Nakashima, Jun-ichi Iga, Minoru Takebayashi, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Kenjiro Ono and on behalf of The Japan Prospective Studies Collaboration for Aging and Dementia (JPSC-AD) Study Group
Nutrients 2026, 18(10), 1520; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18101520 - 10 May 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 756
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Serum albumin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic properties and reflects nutritional status. Hypoalbuminemia is linked to cognitive decline and frailty. However, the relationship between serum albumin levels and brain structural changes in older adults remains unclear. We aimed to examine the [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Serum albumin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic properties and reflects nutritional status. Hypoalbuminemia is linked to cognitive decline and frailty. However, the relationship between serum albumin levels and brain structural changes in older adults remains unclear. We aimed to examine the associations between serum albumin levels and total brain, hippocampal, and white matter lesion volumes in cognitively normal, community-dwelling older Japanese adults, accounting for frailty status. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 7266 participants aged ≥65 years without cognitive decline were included. Serum albumin levels, maximum handgrip strength, and usual gait speed were measured in all participants. Brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were used to evaluate total brain, hippocampal, and white matter lesion volumes. Results: Lower serum albumin levels were significantly associated with smaller total brain and hippocampal volumes after multivariable adjustment (both p for trend < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.005), but not with white matter lesion volumes (p for trend = 0.24; partial η2 = 0.001). In subgroup analyses stratified by frailty status, no significant heterogeneity in the associations between serum albumin levels and each brain volume was observed between groups defined by maximum handgrip strength or usual gait speed. Conclusions: Lower serum albumin levels are associated with smaller total brain and hippocampal volumes in cognitively normal, community-dwelling older Japanese adults, irrespective of frailty status. Serum albumin may serve as a clinically accessible marker of nutritional conditions in relation to these brain structures in older adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Intake and Age-Related Cognitive Decline)
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