High-Performance Memristive Synapse Based on Space-Charge-Limited Conduction in LiNbO₃
Exploring Plasmonic Standalone Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanoprobes for Multifaceted Applications in Biomedical, Food, and Environmental Fields
Sodium Alginate/MXene-Based Flexible Humidity Sensors with High-Humidity Durability and Application Potentials in Breath Monitoring and Non-Contact Human–Machine Interfaces
Bubble Printing of Liquid Metal Colloidal Particles for Conductive Patterns
All-Natural Gelatin-Based Nanoemulsion Loaded with TLR 7/8 Agonist for Efficient Modulation of Macrophage Polarization for Immunotherapy

Journal Description

Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials is an international, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary scholarly open access journal, published semimonthly online by MDPI. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications, and short notes that are relevant to any field of study that involves nanomaterials, with respect to their science and application. The Spanish Carbon Group (GEC) and The Chinese Society of Micro-Nano Technology (CSMNT) are affiliated with Nanomaterials and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.

Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, CAPlus / SciFinder, Inspec, and other databases.
Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Chemistry, Multidisciplinary) / CiteScore - Q1 (General Chemical Engineering )
Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 14.1 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 1.9 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2024).
Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Companion journals for Nanomaterials include: Nanomanufacturing and Applied Nano.

Impact Factor: 4.4 (2023); 5-Year Impact Factor: 4.7 (2023)

Imprint Information Journal Flyer Open Access ISSN: 2079-4991

Latest Articles

22 pages, 484 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of B and P Doping on the Elastic Properties of Si Nanowires

by Nedhal Ali Mahmood Al-Nuaimi, Angela Thränhardt and Sibylle Gemming

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 191; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030191 (registering DOI) - 25 Jan 2025

Abstract

Using gradient-corrected density functional theory we investigate the mechanical properties of ultrathin boron (B) and phosphorus (P) doped silicon nanowires (SiNWs) along the [001] and [111] orientations within the PBE approximation. Both pristine and doped SiNWs under study have diameters ranging from 5 [...] Read more.

B_{0}

), shear modulus (

G_{V}

), Young’s modulus (Y), and other mechanical parameters. The significant anisotropy observed in the mechanical properties of Si[111] NWs, with varying moduli along different axes, further illustrates the complex interplay between mechanical behavior and electronic structure at the nanoscale. The mechanical flexibility of SiNWs, combined with their tunable electronic properties due to quantum confinement, makes them promising candidates for advanced nanoelectronic devices, nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), and advanced technologies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Semiconductor Nanowires and Devices)

13 pages, 2590 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dual-Task Optimization Method for Inverse Design of RGB Micro-LED Light Collimator

by Liming Chen, Zhuo Li, Purui Wang, Sihan Wu, Wen Li, Jiechen Wang, Yue Cao, Masood Mortazavi, Liang Peng and Pingfan Wu

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 190; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030190 (registering DOI) - 25 Jan 2025

Abstract

Abstract: Miniaturized pixel sizes in near-eye digital displays lead to pixel emission patterns with large divergence angles, necessitating efficient beam collimation solutions to improve the light coupling efficiency. Traditional beam collimation optics, such as lenses and cavities, are wavelength-sensitive and cannot simultaneously collimate red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light. In this work, we employed inverse design optimization and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation techniques to design a collimator comprised of nano-sized photonic structures. To alleviate the challenges of the spatial incoherence nature of micro-LED emission light, we developed a strategy called dual-task optimization. Specifically, the method models light collimation as a dual task of color routing. By optimizing a color router, which routes incident light within a small angular range to different locations based on its spectrum, we simultaneously obtained a beam collimator, which can restrict the output of the light emitted from the routing destination with a small divergence angle. We further evaluated the collimation performance for spatially incoherent RGB micro-LED light in an FDTD using a multiple-dipole simulation method, and the simulation results demonstrate that our designed collimator can increase the light coupling efficiency from approximately 30% to 60% within a divergence angle of ±20° for all R/G/B light under the spatially incoherent emission. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano-Photonics: Subwavelength Optical Elements, Metasurfaces, Plasmonics and Quantum Photonics: 2nd Edition)

9 pages, 4080 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Giant Vortex Dichroism in Simplified-Chiral-Double-Elliptical Metamaterials

by Shiqi Luo, Kangzhun Peng, Zhi-Yuan Li and Wenyao Liang

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 189; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030189 (registering DOI) - 25 Jan 2025

Abstract

Vortex dichroism in chiral metamaterials is of great significance to the study of photoelectric detection, optical communication, and the interaction between light and matter. Here we propose a compact chiral metamaterials structure composed of two elliptical SiO₂ rods covered with a Au film on a substrate to achieve a significant vortex-dichroism effect. Such a structure has different responses to a Laguerre-Gaussian beam carrying opposite-orbital angular momentum, resulting in giant vortex dichroism. The influences of various structural parameters are analyzed, and the optimal parameters are obtained to realize a remarkable vortex dichroism of about 58.5%. The simplicity and giant VD effect of the proposed metamaterials make it a promising candidate for advancing chiral optical applications such as optical communication and sensing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoscale Photonics and Metamaterials)

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17 pages, 872 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prediction of the Trimer Protein Interface Residue Pair by CNN-GRU Model Based on Multi-Feature Map

by Yanfen Lyu, Ting Xiong, Shuaibo Shi, Dong Wang, Xueqing Yang, Qihuan Liu, Zhengtan Li, Zhixin Li, Chunxia Wang and Ruiai Chen

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 188; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030188 (registering DOI) - 24 Jan 2025

Abstract

Most life activities of organisms are realized through protein–protein interactions, and these interactions are mainly achieved through residue–residue contact between monomer proteins. Consequently, studying residue–residue contact at the protein interaction interface can contribute to a deeper understanding of the protein–protein interaction mechanism. In this paper, we focus on the research of the trimer protein interface residue pair. Firstly, we utilize the amino acid k-interval product factor descriptor (AAIPF(k)) to integrate the positional information and physicochemical properties of amino acids, combined with the electric properties and geometric shape features of residues, to construct an 8 × 16 multi-feature map. This multi-feature map represents a sample composed of two residues on a trimer protein. Secondly, we construct a CNN-GRU deep learning framework to predict the trimer protein interface residue pair. The results show that when each dimer protein provides 10 prediction results and two protein–protein interaction interfaces of a trimer protein needed to be accurately predicted, the accuracy of our proposed method is 60%. When each dimer protein provides 10 prediction results and one protein–protein interaction interface of a trimer protein needs to be accurately predicted, the accuracy of our proposed method is 93%. Our results can provide experimental researchers with a limited yet precise dataset containing correct trimer protein interface residue pairs, which is of great significance in guiding the experimental resolution of the trimer protein three-dimensional structure. Furthermore, compared to other computational methods, our proposed approach exhibits superior performance in predicting residue–residue contact at the trimer protein interface. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biology and Medicines)

13 pages, 1053 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation on the Interaction of Dendritic Core Multi-Shell Nanoparticles with Human Red Blood Cells

by Jakob Krauß, Radostina Georgieva, Miroslav Karabaliev, Moritz Hackmann, Pichayut Rerkshanandana, Saranya Chaiwaree, Ulrich Kalus, Axel Pruß, Yu Xiong and Hans Bäumler

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030187 - 24 Jan 2025

Abstract

The use of nanoparticles is becoming increasingly apparent in a growing number of medical fields. To exploit the full potential of these particles, it is essential to examine their behavior in the blood and their possible interactions with blood cells. Dendritic core multi-shell DendroSol™ nanoparticles (DS-NPs) are able to penetrate into viable layers of human skin, but nothing is known about their interaction with blood cells. In the present study, we analyze the effect of DS-NPs on red blood cells (RBCs) using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), flow cytometry, sedimentation rate analysis, spectrophotometry, and hemolysis assays. DS-NPs labeled with Nile red (NR) were added to RBC suspensions and their accumulation in the area of the RBC membranes was demonstrated by CLSM as well as by flow cytometry. In the presence of DS-NPs, the RBCs show an increased sedimentation rate, which also confirms the binding of the NPs to the cells. Interestingly, in the presence of DS-NPs, the RBCs are stabilized against hypotonic hemolysis as well as against the hemolytic action of Triton X-100. This proven anti-hemolytic effect could be utilized to enhance the circulation time of RBCs loaded with drugs for prolonged sustained release and drug delivery with enhanced bioavailability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biology and Medicines)

4 pages, 198 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Metal-Based Nanomaterials: Fabrications, Optical Properties, and Ultrafast Photonics

by Bo Fu and Vittorio Scardaci

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 186; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030186 - 24 Jan 2025

Abstract

Metals are known for conductivity and luster due to the abundance of free electrons [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal-Based Nanomaterials: Fabrications, Optical Properties, and Ultrafast Photonics)

4 pages, 550 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Advances in Nanoporous Composited Aerogels: Enhancing Durability and Expanding Applications

by Jialu Lu, Lidija Siller, Bin Zhou and Ai Du

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 185; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030185 - 24 Jan 2025

Abstract

As highly porous nanomaterials, aerogels are fascinating due to their remarkable structural properties and performance [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials in Aerogel Composites)

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15 pages, 3593 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing the Fluorescence and Antimicrobial Performance of Carbon Dots via Hypochlorite Treatment

by Spyridon Gavalas, Mohammed S. Beg, Ella N. Gibbons and Antonios Kelarakis

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030184 - 24 Jan 2025

Abstract

This paper presents a simple, post-synthesis treatment of carbon dots (C-dots) that relies on the oxidizing activity of sodium hypochlorite to induce surface oxidation, etching and pronounced structural rearrangements. The thus treated C-dots (ox-C-dots) exhibit up to six-fold enhancement in quantum yield compared to non-oxidised analogues, while maintaining low levels of cytotoxicity against HeLa and U87 cell lines. In addition, we demonstrate that a range of polymeric materials (polyurethane sponge, polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, polyester fabric) impregnated with ox-C-dots show advanced antifungal properties against Talaromyces pinophilus, while their untreated counterparts fail to do so. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Design, Optical Properties and Applications of Advanced Luminescent Nanomaterials)

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19 pages, 3162 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Multi-Method Approach to Analyzing MOFs for Chemical Warfare Simulant Capture: Molecular Simulation, Machine Learning, and Molecular Fingerprints

by Zhongyuan Ming, Min Zhang, Shouxin Zhang, Xiaopeng Li, Xiaoshan Yan, Kexin Guan, Yu Li, Yufeng Peng, Jinfeng Li, Heguo Li, Yue Zhao and Zhiwei Qiao

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030183 - 24 Jan 2025

Abstract

Mustard gas (HD) is a well-known chemical warfare agent, recognized for its extreme toxicity and severe hazards. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), with their unique structural properties, show significant potential for HD adsorption applications. Due to the extreme hazards of HD, most experimental studies focus on its simulants, but molecular simulation research on these simulants remains limited. Simulation analyses of simulants can uncover structure–performance relationships and enable experimental validation, optimizing methods, and improving material design and performance predictions. This study integrates molecular simulations, machine learning (ML), and molecular fingerprinting (MFs) to identify MOFs with high adsorption performance for the HD simulant diethyl sulfide (DES), followed by in-depth structural analysis and comparison. First, MOFs are categorized into Top, Middle, and Bottom materials based on their adsorption efficiency. Univariate analysis, machine learning, and molecular fingerprinting are then used to identify and compare the distinguishing features and fingerprints of each category. Univariate analysis helps identify the optimal structural ranges of Top and Bottom materials, providing a reference for initial material screening. Machine learning feature importance analysis, combined with SHAP methods, identifies the key features that most significantly influence model predictions across categories, offering valuable insights for future material design. Molecular fingerprint analysis reveals critical fingerprint combinations, showing that adsorption performance is optimized when features such as metal oxides, nitrogen-containing heterocycles, six-membered rings, and C=C double bonds co-exist. The integrated analysis using HTCS, ML, and MFs provides new perspectives for designing high-performance MOFs and demonstrates significant potential for developing materials for the adsorption of CWAs and their simulants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Materials and Metal-Organic Frameworks)

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2 pages, 148 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

The Convergence of Nanotechnology and Biotechnology in Modern Medicine

by Rúben Fernandes

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030182 - 24 Jan 2025

Abstract

The combination of nanotechnology and biotechnology is paving the way for new medical treatments, with promising results in therapy [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nanomedicine Biotechnologies)

11 pages, 1841 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Complex Refractive Index Spectrum of CsPbBr₃ Nanocrystals via the Effective Medium Approximation

by Sang-Hyuk Park, Jungwon Kim, Min Ju Kim, Min Woo Kim, Robert A. Taylor and Kwangseuk Kyhm

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030181 - 24 Jan 2025

Abstract

We have estimated the intrinsic complex refractive index spectrum of a CsPbBr₃ nanocrystal. With various dilute solutions of CsPbBr₃ nanocrystals dissolved in toluene, effective refractive indices were measured at two different wavelengths using Michelson interferometry. Given the effective absorption spectrum of the solution, a full spectrum of the effective refractive index was also obtained through the Kramers–Krönig relations. Based on the Maxwell–Garnett model in the effective medium approximation, the real and imaginary spectrum of the complex refractive index was estimated for the CsPbBr₃ nanocrystal, and the dominant inaccuracy was attributed to the size inhomogeneity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonics and Optoelectronics with Functional Nanomaterials)

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4 pages, 147 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Editorial: 2D Materials for Advanced Sensors: Fabrication and Applications

by Wugang Liao and Lin Wang

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030180 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

The rapid advancements in the field of two-dimensional (2D) materials have significantly influenced the development of innovative sensor technologies [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D Materials for Advanced Sensors: Fabrication and Applications)

16 pages, 6841 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Green Synthesis of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Hydroxyapatite Doped with Silver and Silver-Core Selenium-Shell Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity

by İlkay Unal

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 179; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030179 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is widely used in biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and bioactivity. However, its low mechanical strength, tendency toward rapid corrosion, and lack of bactericidal properties present significant limitations in applications. This study aimed to improve the properties of HAp by reinforcing it with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and doping it with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver-core selenium-shell nanoparticles (Ag@SeNPs). Ocimum basilicum extract was used as both a reducing and stabilizing agent in the synthesis of nanoparticles using an environmentally friendly and non-toxic method as an alternative to traditional methods. The synthesized HAp, HAp/MWCNT, Ag-HAp/MWCNT, and Ag@Se-HAp/MWCNT nanocomposites were characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and BET analysis. BET analysis showed a reduction in surface area from 109.4 m²/g for pure HAp to 71.4 m²/g, 47.5 m²/g, and 35.3 m²/g for HAp/MWCNTs, Ag- HAp/MWCNTs, and Ag@Se-HAp/MWCNTs, respectively. Antimicrobial activities against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, E. faecalis, and C. albicans were evaluated. HAp and HAp/MWCNT did not show any antimicrobial activity, while Ag-HAp/MWCNTs showed inhibition zones of 14 mm for Escherichia coli and 18 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 5 mg/mL. Ag@Se-MWCNTs/HAp exhibited superior efficacy with inhibition zones of 18 mm, 12 mm, and 20 mm for S. aureus, E. faecalis, and Candida albicans, respectively. The incorporation of Ag@SeNPs enhanced HAp’s antibacterial and antifungal properties through a synergistic mechanism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Calcium Phosphate-Based Nanostructured Materials and Coatings: 2nd Edition)

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13 pages, 7152 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Deep Learning Design for Loss Optimization in Metamaterials

by Xianfeng Wu, Jing Zhao, Kunlun Xie and Xiaopeng Zhao

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030178 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

Inherent material loss is a pivotal challenge that impedes the development of metamaterial properties, particularly in the context of 3D metamaterials operating at visible wavelengths. Traditional approaches, such as the design of periodic model structures and the selection of noble metals, have encountered a plateau. Coupled with the complexities of constructing 3D structures and achieving precise alignment, these factors have made the creation of low-loss metamaterials in the visible spectrum a formidable task. In this work, we harness the concept of deep learning, combined with the principle of weak interactions in metamaterials, to re-examine and optimize previously validated disordered discrete metamaterials. The paper presents an innovative strategy for loss optimization in metamaterials with disordered structural unit distributions, proving their robustness and ability to perform intended functions within a critical distribution ratio. This refined design strategy offers a theoretical framework for the development of single-frequency and broadband metamaterials within disordered discrete systems. It paves the way for the loss optimization of optical metamaterials and the facile fabrication of high-performance photonic devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterials and Metasurfaces for Advanced Electromagnetic Wave Manipulation and Applications)

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19 pages, 4117 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improving the Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance of Ternary Layered Double Hydroxides by Tuning All Three Cations’ Electronic Structures

by Gayi Nyongombe, Malik Maaza, Mohamed Siaj and Simon Dhlamini

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030177 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

The pursuit of efficient and sustainable hydrogen production is essential in the fight against climate change. One important method for achieving this is the electrolysis of water, particularly through the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Recent studies indicate that trimetallic layered double hydroxides (LDHs) can enhance OER performance compared to bimetallic LDHs. This improvement occurs because the third cation alters the electronic structures of the other two cations, thereby increasing the intermediates’ binding energies and enhancing electrical conductivity. This study proposes an approach enabling the modulation of the electronic structures of all three cations involved in the synthesis of the trimetallic LDHs. It suggested intercalating sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) into the interlayer of the trimetallic NiFe-La-LDH. A successful intercalation of SDS has been confirmed through the XRD, FT-IR, EDS, and XPS. This has expanded the interlayer distance which was beneficial for the electrical conductivity. Furthermore, SDS generated sulphur, which modulated the electronic structures of all three cations enriching the active sites and improving electrical conductivity and OER performance compared to its counterparts. This approach is beneficial: 1. The interlayer can be further enlarged by using different doping ratios of SDS. 2. Sulphur can enrich the active sites and improve the OER performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Graphene and Other 2D Layer-Based Nanomaterials for Energy and Sensing Applications)

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11 pages, 4983 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thin Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Carbide Layers with Embedded Ge Nanocrystals

by Zdeněk Remeš, Jiří Stuchlík, Jaroslav Kupčík and Oleg Babčenko

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 176; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030176 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

The in situ combination of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and vacuum evaporation in the same vacuum chamber allowed us to integrate germanium nanocrystals (Ge NCs) into hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) thin films deposited from monomethyl silane diluted with hydrogen. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were used for the microscopic characterization, while photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) and near-infrared photoluminescence spectroscopy (NIR PL) were for optical characterization. The presence of Ge NCs embedded in the amorphous a-Si:C:H thin films was confirmed by TEM and EDX. The embedded Ge NCs increased optical absorption in the NIR spectral region. The quenching of a-SiC:H NIR PL due to the presence of Ge indicates that the diffusion length of free charge carriers in a-SiC:H is in the range of a few tens of nm, an order of magnitude less than in a-Si:H. The optical properties of a-SiC:H films were degraded after vacuum annealing at 550 °C. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nanocomposite Materials)

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25 pages, 2595 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Nanoparticles in Wine Science: Innovations and Applications

by Agnieszka Mierczynska-Vasilev

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030175 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

Viticulture, the science of growing, cultivating, and harvesting grapes, and enology, the art and science of making wine, are rapidly evolving through innovative approaches aimed at improving the quality and efficiency of grape and wine production. This review explores the emerging use of nanoparticles, in particular gold, silver, and magnetic nanoparticles, to improve the quality, safety, and sustainability of both grape growing and winemaking processes. The unique properties of these nanoparticles, such as their small size, high surface area, and distinct chemical properties, enable them to address key challenges within the industry. In viticulture, nanoparticles have shown potential in protecting vines from pathogens, optimizing grape yield, and improving quality. In enology, nanoparticles are making a significant contribution to microbial control, reducing spoilage and refining wine analysis techniques, leading to improved product quality and safety. This review also highlights the synergy between different types of nanoparticles and their diverse applications, from microbial control in wine production to their use in innovative packaging solutions. In addition, nanoparticles have the potential to reduce dependence on agrochemicals and improve the sustainability of wine production, which is a promising avenue for future research. However, the integration of nanoparticles in viticulture and enology also poses regulatory and safety challenges, including the potential for nanoparticles to leach into wine products. Further research and regulatory advances are essential to ensure the safe and effective use of these technologies in winemaking. Overall, nanoparticles offer significant benefits to the wine industry, driving improvements in efficiency, sustainability, and quality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Nanoscience and Nanotechnology)

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11 pages, 7944 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Oscillations in Absorption from InGaN/GaN Quantum Well to Continuum

by Marta Gładysiewicz-Kudrawiec, Mikołaj Żak and Witold Trzeciakowski

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 174; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030174 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

We analyze theoretically an InGaN/GaN n-i-p diode with a single quantum well supporting only one bound state. The bottom parts of the diode, namely the first barrier and the quantum well, are heavily n-doped with silicon at 5 × 10¹⁹ cm⁻³ to ensure a high electron concentration in the well. The voltage drop in the diode occurs in the second AlGaN barrier, which is undoped, and structure ends with a p-doped GaN. The band structure of the diode is calculated by a Schrodinger–Poisson drift-diffusion solver. Next, we calculate the absorption from the bound state in the well to the “continuum” above the well. We show the oscillatory behavior of the spectrum, with the amplitude decreasing with more negative voltage applied to the diode. Oscillations are due to interferences of the wavefunctions between the edges of the well and the slope of the potential barrier. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue III-Nitride Nanomaterials and Devices)

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16 pages, 2798 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Structural and Transport Properties of Thin InAs Layers Grown on In_xAl_1−xAs Metamorphic Buffers

by Giulio Senesi, Katarzyna Skibinska, Alessandro Paghi, Gaurav Shukla, Francesco Giazotto, Fabio Beltram, Stefan Heun and Lucia Sorba

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030173 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

Indium Arsenide is a III–V semiconductor with low electron effective mass, a small band gap, strong spin–orbit coupling, and a large g-factor. These properties and its surface Fermi level pinned in the conduction band make InAs a good candidate for developing superconducting solid-state quantum devices. Here, we report the epitaxial growth of very thin InAs layers with thicknesses ranging from 12.5 nm to 500 nm grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on In_xAl_1−xAs metamorphic buffers. Differently than InAs substrates, these buffers have the advantage of being insulating at cryogenic temperatures, which allows for multiple device operations on the same wafer and thus making the approach scalable. The structural properties of the InAs layers were investigated by high-resolution X-ray diffraction, demonstrating the high crystal quality of the InAs layers. Furthermore, their transport properties, such as total and sheet carrier concentration, sheet resistance, and carrier mobility, were measured in the van der Pauw configuration at room temperature. A simple conduction model was employed to quantify the surface, bulk, and interface contributions to the overall carrier concentration and mobility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures)

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9 pages, 4639 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Demonstration of Integrated Quasi-Vertical DMOS Compatible with the Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS Process Achieving Ultralow R_ON,sp

by Feng Lin, Tuanzhuang Wu, Weidong Wang, Zhengxuan Wang, Yi Zhang, Sheng Li, Ran Ye, Long Zhang, Jiaxing Wei, Siyang Liu and Weifeng Sun

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 172; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030172 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

An integrated quasi-vertical double-diffused MOSFET (DMOS) with split-gate trench (SGT) structure (SGT-QVDMOS), whose specific ON-state resistance (R_ON,sp) breaks the traditional Si limit significantly, is proposed and fabricated. The measured data of the latest manufactured device is presented. By introducing the vertical gate poly, the split grounded source poly, and the asymmetric thick oxide in the gate trench, the traditional lateral drift region is folded in the SGT-QVDMOS. In this way, the device voltage withstanding mode transforms from one dimension to two dimensions, including the horizontal and the vertical directions. Combining the electric field modulation effect and the reduced lateral area, which benefit from the quasi-vertical structure, the forward conducting characteristic of the SGT-QVDMOS is effectively improved. According to the measured results from the SGT-QVDMOS manufactured by the 180 nm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) process, the ultralow ON-state resistance is obtained. The device achieves 1.9 V V_TH, 11.07 mΩ∙mm² R_ON,sp, and 48.6 V BV, which is 39.0% lower than the traditional Si limit. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research of Conductive Nano-Scale Technology Tailored to Semiconductor Industry)

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Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Nanomaterials in 2024

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