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Nanomaterials
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Applications of Nanofluids – II
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Applications of Nanofluids – II

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 July 2022) | Viewed by 19853

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Mikhail Sheremet

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory on Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, Tomsk State University, Lenin Ave, 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
Interests: heat and mass transfer; fluid mechanics; modeling and simulation; convection; nanofluids; porous media; thermal radiation; electronics cooling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The present Special Issue is a continuation of previous successful Special Issue entitled “Applications of Nanofluids”. It is well-known that nowadays nanofluids can be found in different engineering fields including heat exchangers, solar collectors, electronics, vehicle engines and many others. Such positive applications of nanofluids can be explained by a rise of nanofluid’s thermal conductivity and as a result, an increase in heat transfer rate is expected. It should be highlighted that nanoparticles are widely used in medicine as an effective addition to different coatings, or nanoparticles from biodegradable polymers can function very well as a transport vector for drugs. Such wide applications of nanofluids and nanoparticles can be enhanced due to detailed investigations of ‘transport processes within these suspensions. Therefore, theoretical and experimental methods are very effective techniques for the aforementioned analysis. Theoretical methods including analytical and numerical simulation allow for obtaining useful outcomes without the preparation of stable nanofluids, while experimental techniques allow understanding of the analyzed processes and also for obtaining the necessary data for validation of the developed mathematical models and numerical methods.

The present Special Issue will focus on nanofluid applications in various engineering systems. This is a great opportunity to combine original manuscripts on the considered topic to present useful guidelines for future researches.

Prof. Dr. Mikhail Sheremet
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Heat transfer enhancement
  • Heat exchangers
  • Solar collectors
  • Electronics cooling
  • Nano-enhanced phase change materials
  • Targeted drug delivery

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 4041 KiB  
Article
Particle Distribution and Heat Transfer of SiO2/Water Nanofluid in the Turbulent Tube Flow
by Ruifang Shi, Jianzhong Lin and Hailin Yang
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(16), 2803; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12162803 - 15 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1658
Abstract
In order to clarify the effect of particle coagulation on the heat transfer properties, the governing equations of nanofluid together with the equation for nanoparticles in the SiO2/water nanofluid flowing through a turbulent tube are solved numerically in the range of [...] Read more.
In order to clarify the effect of particle coagulation on the heat transfer properties, the governing equations of nanofluid together with the equation for nanoparticles in the SiO2/water nanofluid flowing through a turbulent tube are solved numerically in the range of Reynolds number 3000 ≤ Re ≤ 16,000 and particle volume fraction 0.005 ≤ φ ≤ 0.04. Some results are validated by comparing with the experimental results. The effect of particle convection, diffusion, and coagulation on the pressure drop ∆P, particle distribution, and heat transfer of nanofluid are analyzed. The main innovation is that it gives the effect of particle coagulation on the pressure drop, particle distribution, and heat transfer. The results showed that ∆P increases with the increase in Re and φ. When inlet velocity is small, the increase in ∆P caused by adding particles is relatively large, and ∆P increases most obviously compared with the case of pure water when the inlet velocity is 0.589 m/s and φ is 0.004. Particle number concentration M0 decreases along the flow direction, and M0 near the wall is decreased to the original 2% and decreased by about 90% in the central area. M0 increases with increasing Re but with decreasing φ, and basically presents a uniform distribution in the core area of the tube. The geometric mean diameter of particle GMD increases with increasing φ, but with decreasing Re. GMD is the minimum in the inlet area, and gradually increases along the flow direction. The geometric standard deviation of particle diameter GSD increases sharply at the inlet and decreases in the inlet area, remains almost unchanged in the whole tube, and finally decreases rapidly again at the outlet. The effects of Re and φ on the variation in GSD along the flow direction are insignificant. The values of convective heat transfer coefficient h and Nusselt number Nu are larger for nanofluids than that for pure water. h and Nu increase with the increase in Re and φ. Interestingly, the variation in φ from 0.005 to 0.04 has little effect on h and Nu. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Nanofluids – II)
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14 pages, 3364 KiB  
Article
Efficient Heat Transfer Augmentation in Channels with Semicircle Ribs and Hybrid Al2O3-Cu/Water Nanofluids
by Hussein Togun, Raad Z. Homod, Zaher Mundher Yaseen, Azher M. Abed, Jameel M. Dhabab, Raed Khalid Ibrahem, Sami Dhahbi, Mohammad Mehdi Rashidi, Goodarz Ahmadi, Wahiba Yaïci and Jasim M. Mahdi
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(15), 2720; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12152720 - 7 Aug 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2816
Abstract
Global technological advancements drive daily energy consumption, generating additional carbon-induced climate challenges. Modifying process parameters, optimizing design, and employing high-performance working fluids are among the techniques offered by researchers for improving the thermal efficiency of heating and cooling systems. This study investigates the [...] Read more.
Global technological advancements drive daily energy consumption, generating additional carbon-induced climate challenges. Modifying process parameters, optimizing design, and employing high-performance working fluids are among the techniques offered by researchers for improving the thermal efficiency of heating and cooling systems. This study investigates the heat transfer enhancement of hybrid “Al2O3-Cu/water” nanofluids flowing in a two-dimensional channel with semicircle ribs. The novelty of this research is in employing semicircle ribs combined with hybrid nanofluids in turbulent flow regimes. A computer modeling approach using a finite volume approach with k-ω shear stress transport turbulence model was used in these simulations. Six cases with varying rib step heights and pitch gaps, with Re numbers ranging from 10,000 to 25,000, were explored for various volume concentrations of hybrid nanofluids Al2O3-Cu/water (0.33%, 0.75%, 1%, and 2%). The simulation results showed that the presence of ribs enhanced the heat transfer in the passage. The Nusselt number increased when the solid volume fraction of “Al2O3-Cu/water” hybrid nanofluids and the Re number increased. The Nu number reached its maximum value at a 2 percent solid volume fraction for a Reynolds number of 25,000. The local pressure coefficient also improved as the Re number and volume concentration of “Al2O3-Cu/water” hybrid nanofluids increased. The creation of recirculation zones after and before each rib was observed in the velocity and temperature contours. A higher number of ribs was also shown to result in a larger number of recirculation zones, increasing the thermal performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Nanofluids – II)
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12 pages, 4054 KiB  
Article
Fe-Cr-Nb-B Ferrofluid for Biomedical Applications
by Anca Emanuela Minuti, George Stoian, Dumitru-Daniel Herea, Ecaterina Radu, Nicoleta Lupu and Horia Chiriac
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(9), 1488; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12091488 - 27 Apr 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2972
Abstract
A ferrofluid based on Fe67.2Cr12.5Nb0.3B20 magnetic particles with a low Curie temperature was prepared. The particles, most of which had dimensions under 60 nm, were dispersed in a calcium gluconate solution, leading to a stable ferrofluid. [...] Read more.
A ferrofluid based on Fe67.2Cr12.5Nb0.3B20 magnetic particles with a low Curie temperature was prepared. The particles, most of which had dimensions under 60 nm, were dispersed in a calcium gluconate solution, leading to a stable ferrofluid. The obtained ferrofluid had a magnetization of 0.04 to 0.17 emu/cm3, depending on the particles’ concentration, and a viscosity that increased nonlinearly with the applied magnetic field. The ferrofluid appeared to be biocompatible, as it showed low cytotoxicity, even at high concentrations and for long intervals of co-incubation with human cells, demonstrating a good potential to be used for cancer therapies through magnetic hyperthermia as well as magneto-mechanical actuation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Nanofluids – II)
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16 pages, 4280 KiB  
Article
Nanoparticle Aggregation and Thermophoretic Particle Deposition Process in the Flow of Micropolar Nanofluid over a Stretching Sheet
by Yangyang Yu, Javali K. Madhukesh, Umair Khan, Aurang Zaib, Abdel-Haleem Abdel-Aty, Ibrahim S. Yahia, Mohammed S. Alqahtani, Fuzhang Wang and Ahmed M. Galal
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(6), 977; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12060977 - 16 Mar 2022
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3326
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the consequence of thermophoretic particle deposition (TPD) on the movement of a TiO2/water-based micropolar nanoliquid surface in the existence of a porous medium, a heat source/sink, and bioconvection. Movement, temperature, and mass transfer [...] Read more.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the consequence of thermophoretic particle deposition (TPD) on the movement of a TiO2/water-based micropolar nanoliquid surface in the existence of a porous medium, a heat source/sink, and bioconvection. Movement, temperature, and mass transfer measurements are also performed in the attendance and nonappearance of nanoparticle aggregation. The nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity factors, and numerical research is carried out using the Runge-Kutta-Felhberg 4th/5th order and shooting technique. The obtained results show that improved values of the porous constraint will decline the velocity profile. Improvement in heat source/sink parameter directly affects the temperature profile. Thermophoretic parameter, bioconvection Peclet number, and Lewis number decrease the concentration and bioconvection profiles. Increases in the heat source/sink constraint and solid volume fraction will advance the rate of thermal dispersion. Nanoparticle with aggregation exhibits less impact in case of velocity profile, but shows a greater impact on temperature, concentration, and bioconvection profiles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Nanofluids – II)
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21 pages, 14193 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Multiple Semi-Twisted Tape Inserts in a Heat Exchanger Pipe Using Al2O3 Nanofluid
by Yongfeng Ju, Tiezhu Zhu, Ramin Mashayekhi, Hayder I. Mohammed, Afrasyab Khan, Pouyan Talebizadehsardari and Wahiba Yaïci
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(6), 1570; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11061570 - 15 Jun 2021
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 4175
Abstract
The hydrothermal performance of multiple semi-twisted tape inserts inside a heat exchanger pipe is numerically examined in three-dimensions. This study aims to find the optimum case for having the highest heat transfer enhancement with the lowest friction factor using nanofluid (Al2O [...] Read more.
The hydrothermal performance of multiple semi-twisted tape inserts inside a heat exchanger pipe is numerically examined in three-dimensions. This study aims to find the optimum case for having the highest heat transfer enhancement with the lowest friction factor using nanofluid (Al2O3/water). A performance evaluation criterion (PEC) is defined to characterize the performance based on both friction factor and heat transfer. It was found that increasing the number of semi-twisted tapes increases the number of swirl flow streams and leads to an enhancement in the local Nusselt number as well as the friction factor. The average Nusselt number increases from 15.13 to 28.42 and the average friction factor enhances from 0.022 to 0.052 by increasing the number of the semi-twisted tapes from 0 to 4 for the Reynolds number of 1000 for the base fluid. By using four semi-twisted tapes, the average Nusselt number increases from 12.5 to 28.5, while the friction factor reduces from 0.155 to 0.052 when the Reynolds number increases from 250 to 1000 for the base fluid. For the Reynolds number of 1000, the increase in nanofluid concentration from 0 to 3% improves the average Nusselt number and friction factor by 6.41% and 2.29%, respectively. The highest PEC is equal to 1.66 and belongs to the Reynolds number of 750 using four semi-twisted tape inserts with 3% nanoparticles. This work offers instructions to model an advanced design of twisted tape integrated with tubes using multiple semi-twisted tapes, which helps to provide a higher amount of energy demand for solar applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Nanofluids – II)
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Review

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31 pages, 1329 KiB  
Review
The Impact of Cavities in Different Thermal Applications of Nanofluids: A Review
by Mudasar Zafar, Hamzah Sakidin, Mikhail Sheremet, Iskandar Dzulkarnain, Roslinda Mohd Nazar, Abida Hussain, Zafar Said, Farkhanda Afzal, Abdullah Al-Yaari, Muhammad Saad Khan and Javed Akbar Khan
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(6), 1131; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13061131 - 22 Mar 2023
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3222
Abstract
Nanofluids and nanotechnology are very important in enhancing heat transfer due to the thermal conductivity of their nanoparticles, which play a vital role in heat transfer applications. Researchers have used cavities filled with nanofluids for two decades to increase the heat-transfer rate. This [...] Read more.
Nanofluids and nanotechnology are very important in enhancing heat transfer due to the thermal conductivity of their nanoparticles, which play a vital role in heat transfer applications. Researchers have used cavities filled with nanofluids for two decades to increase the heat-transfer rate. This review also highlights a variety of theoretical and experimentally measured cavities by exploring the following parameters: the significance of cavities in nanofluids, the effects of nanoparticle concentration and nanoparticle material, the influence of the inclination angle of cavities, heater and cooler effects, and magnetic field effects in cavities. The different shapes of the cavities have several advantages in multiple applications, e.g., L-shaped cavities used in the cooling systems of nuclear and chemical reactors and electronic components. Open cavities such as ellipsoidal, triangular, trapezoidal, and hexagonal are applied in electronic equipment cooling, building heating and cooling, and automotive applications. Appropriate cavity design conserves energy and produces attractive heat-transfer rates. Circular microchannel heat exchangers perform best. Despite the high performance of circular cavities in micro heat exchangers, square cavities have more applications. The use of nanofluids has been found to improve thermal performance in all the cavities studied. According to the experimental data, nanofluid use has been proven to be a dependable solution for enhancing thermal efficiency. To improve performance, it is suggested that research focus on different shapes of nanoparticles less than 10 nm with the same design of the cavities in microchannel heat exchangers and solar collectors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Nanofluids – II)
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