Advanced Nanomaterials for Water Remediation (3rd Edition)

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Nanoscience and Nanotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2026 | Viewed by 3107

Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, The University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
2. IB-S–Institute of Research and Innovation on Bio-Sustainability, The University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
Interests: photocatalysis; hybrid materials; polymeric membranes; sustainability; biomaterials; printing; composite materials
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water is necessary for life, and access to affordable and clean water is a requirement for assuring living quality. However, it is a limited resource, with the threat of scarcity and pollution being among the most critical environmental concerns. The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 800,000 people die yearly from consuming contaminated water. The most pressing issues result from the increasing use of persistent contaminants in anthropogenic activities, endangering aquatic organisms and humans, and the obsolescence of traditional water and wastewater treatment plants against these contaminants.

The use of nanotechnology to overcome this deficiency appear to be a promising strategy. Nanomaterials, due to their unique physical–chemical properties, can be employed in water and wastewater remediation through several mechanisms such as adsorption, filtration or catalysis/photocatalysis. In this regard, special attention should be given to the development of novel synthesis methods that yield non-toxic nanomaterials, minimizing the use of chemical reagents and solvents and reducing waste generation.

A thorough investigation is also vital to assess nanomaterials’ ecotoxicity for determining whether the produced materials are harmful to aquatic organisms and understanding how they affect ecosystems, food chains, and the putative bioaccumulation process.

This Special Issue will focus on, but is not limited to, the following items:

  • Novel synthesis, characterization, and application of nanomaterials in water/wastewater remediation processes;
  • Green or sustainable synthesis routes of materials for water/wastewater remediation;
  • All types of nanomaterials and nanocomposites for water/wastewater remediation;
  • Multifunctional nanomaterials (e.g., antimicrobial/antifouling) for water remediation;
  • Ecotoxicity assessment of all types of nanomaterials.

Dr. Pedro Manuel Martins
Dr. Noelia González-Ballesteros
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • nanomaterials
  • photocatalysis
  • adsorption
  • filtration
  • green synthesis
  • ecotoxicity
  • eco-physiology
  • sustainability
  • water remediation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 3661 KB  
Article
Rice Husk-Derived MCM-41 for Efficient Hg(II) Removal: Performance, Mechanism, and Environmental Safety in Real Water Matrices
by Naren Bocanegra, Marcela Paredes-Laverde, Nancy Acelas, Ximena Carolina Pulido, Luis Rodríguez and César Jaramillo-Páez
Nanomaterials 2026, 16(11), 694; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16110694 - 1 Jun 2026
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Abstract
Mercury contamination in water poses severe environmental and health risks, requiring efficient and sustainable removal strategies. In this study, rice husk (RH), rice husk-derived materials, including rice ash (RHA), and Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) were evaluated as adsorbents for Hg(II) [...] Read more.
Mercury contamination in water poses severe environmental and health risks, requiring efficient and sustainable removal strategies. In this study, rice husk (RH), rice husk-derived materials, including rice ash (RHA), and Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) were evaluated as adsorbents for Hg(II) removal in aqueous systems. Among the tested materials, MCM-41 exhibited superior adsorption performance, achieving up to 98% Hg(II) removal under optimal conditions (pH 6.8, 3 g L−1 of adsorbent, and a pollutant concentration of 0.90 mg L−1). Adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and was best described by the Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity reached 0.80 mg g−1. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the process was spontaneous and exothermic, primarily governed by coordination interactions and hydrogen bonding with surface silanol groups. The adsorbent’s applicability was further assessed in distilled water, synthetic industrial wastewater, and river water. Although high removal efficiencies were maintained, a decrease was observed in complex matrices due to competition from coexisting ions. Reusability tests demonstrated that MCM-41 retained its performance over four adsorption cycles. Environmental safety was evaluated through ecotoxicological and microbiological assays. Daphnia magna exhibited high sensitivity to Hg(II) (EC50 values of 0.0220 mg L−1 at 24 h and 0.0158 mg L−1 at 48 h), while treated samples showed improved germination indices of Lactuca sativa, particularly in distilled and river water. However, residual toxicity persisted in industrial wastewater matrices. Overall, rice husk-derived MCM-41 is a promising and sustainable adsorbent for Hg(II) removal, though further optimization is needed to mitigate residual toxicity in complex water matrices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Water Remediation (3rd Edition))
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32 pages, 6831 KB  
Article
Catalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange Using Fe/Ag/Zn Trimetallic Nanoparticles
by Masaku Kgatle, Keneiloe Khoabane, Ntsoaki Mphuthi, Gebhu Ndlovu and Nosipho Moloto
Nanomaterials 2026, 16(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16010060 - 31 Dec 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1172
Abstract
The present study involves the synthesis of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized iron-based trimetallic nanoparticles with different metal addition sequences (Fe/Ag/Zn, Fe/Zn/Ag and Fe/(Zn/Ag)) using the sodium borohydride reduction method. In order to investigate the catalytic reactivity of the nanoparticles, a series of batch experiments were [...] Read more.
The present study involves the synthesis of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized iron-based trimetallic nanoparticles with different metal addition sequences (Fe/Ag/Zn, Fe/Zn/Ag and Fe/(Zn/Ag)) using the sodium borohydride reduction method. In order to investigate the catalytic reactivity of the nanoparticles, a series of batch experiments were performed using methyl orange dye as a model pollutant. It was found that the Fe/Ag/Zn system showed the maximum catalytic activity compared to the other studied trimetallic systems. About 100% of the methyl orange dye was removed within 1 min and the second-order rate constant obtained was 0.0744 (mg/L)−1 min−1; the rate of reaction was higher than that of the other trimetallic systems. Furthermore, the effects of pH, initial dye concentration and nanoparticle dosage on the degradation of methyl orange were investigated. The results showed that the reactivity of the Fe/Ag/Zn trimetallic nanoparticles was highly dependent on the aforementioned parameters. Higher reactivity was obtained at lower pH, lower initial methyl orange dye concentration and higher nanoparticle dosage. Lastly, liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) was used to elucidate the reaction pathway and identify by-products from methyl orange degradation. The developed catalyst demonstrated exceptionally rapid and apparent degradation of methyl orange within one minute, outperforming previously reported bimetallic and trimetallic systems. This work reports a cost-effective nZVI-based trimetallic system containing minimal silver, which shows promising reactivity toward azo dye degradation and may be suitable for future application in textile wastewater treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Water Remediation (3rd Edition))
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14 pages, 3873 KB  
Article
Eco-Friendly ZnO Nanomaterial Coatings for Photocatalytic Degradation of Emerging Organic Pollutants in Water Systems: Characterization and Performance
by Dušica Jovanović, Szabolcs Bognár, Nina Finčur, Vesna Despotović, Predrag Putnik, Branimir Bajac, Sandra Jakšić, Bojan Miljević and Daniela Šojić Merkulov
Nanomaterials 2026, 16(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16010023 - 24 Dec 2025
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Abstract
The present study targets key limitation ‘separation after the process’ that is responsible for the loss of the photocatalyst in water treatment during heterogeneous photocatalysis. Therefore, eco-friendly nanostructured ZnO coatings were engineered by the doctor blade technique through the immobilization of green ZnO [...] Read more.
The present study targets key limitation ‘separation after the process’ that is responsible for the loss of the photocatalyst in water treatment during heterogeneous photocatalysis. Therefore, eco-friendly nanostructured ZnO coatings were engineered by the doctor blade technique through the immobilization of green ZnO nanomaterials onto alumina substrate. ZnO/BPE 30 and ZnO/BPE 60 coatings were obtained from banana peel extract-based ZnO powder (ZnO/BPE). Likewise, ZnO/GTE 30 and ZnO/GTE 60 were prepared using green tea extract-based ZnO powder (ZnO/GTE). XRD characterization verified hexagonal wurtzite ZnO phase, while HRSEM analysis revealed that the flat surface of ZnO/BPE had rod-like nanostructures below 120 nm, and ZnO/GTE had spherical, porous nanoparticle networks with less than 70 nm. According to UV–vis spectrometry, all four coatings have bandgaps of ~5 eV. The highest efficiency for the solar-driven photocatalytic degradation of emerging organic pollutants was for ciprofloxacin (among pesticides clomazone and tembotrione; pharmaceuticals ciprofloxacin and 17α-ethinylestradiol; and mycotoxin zearalenone) in ultrapure water with the presence of all studied ZnO-based coatings, after 60 min of simulated solar irradiation. Its highest removal (89.1%) was achieved with ZnO/GTE 30, also having good reusability across three consecutive cycles in river water, thus supporting the application of eco-friendly, immobilized ZnO nanomaterials for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Water Remediation (3rd Edition))
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