Nanomaterials

18 pages, 19996 KB

Open AccessArticle

Optical and Structural Properties of Co²⁺-Doped CsPbI₃ Nanocrystals Embedded in Borosilicate Glass

by Wilson A. Silva, Éder V. Guimarães, Klever A. S. Costa, Nataly S. Moura, José F. Condeles, Raquel A. Domingues and Ricardo S. Silva

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(10), 580; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16100580 - 8 May 2026

Abstract

Co²⁺-doped CsPbI₃ nanocrystals (NCs) (CsPbI₃:xCo, x = 0, 5, and 10 mol%) were synthesized in situ within a borosilicate glass matrix by the fusion method followed by controlled thermal treatment at 500 °C for 6–24 h. Transmission electron [...] Read more.

Co²⁺-doped CsPbI₃ nanocrystals (NCs) (CsPbI₃:xCo, x = 0, 5, and 10 mol%) were synthesized in situ within a borosilicate glass matrix by the fusion method followed by controlled thermal treatment at 500 °C for 6–24 h. Transmission electron microscopy images showed quasi-spherical NCs with mean diameters of 4.9–7.1 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy suggested cobalt incorporation within the nanocrystalline regions. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the exclusive stabilization of the cubic α-phase across all compositions, with systematic lattice contraction from a = 6.321 Å to a = 6.301 Å with increasing Co content, consistent with preferential B-site substitution of Pb²⁺ by Co²⁺. Transmittance measurements confirmed macroscopic optical transparency of all glass-NC composites after thermal treatment. The crystal field theory and Tanabe–Sugano analysis for d⁷ ions in tetrahedral (Td) symmetry yielded Δ = 5032 cm⁻¹ and B = 725 cm⁻¹ in the as-prepared state, evolving to Δ = 4428 cm⁻¹ and B = 805 cm⁻¹ after thermal treatment, confirming Td Co²⁺ coordination and significant metal–iodide covalency. CIE 1931 chromaticity analysis revealed tunable emission from deep-red coordinates to near-white-light regions, demonstrating potential for LED and single-material WLED phosphor applications. Long-term photoluminescence measurements demonstrated full preservation of α-phase excitonic emission after approximately 365 days under ambient conditions, establishing the robust phase stability of CsPbI₃:xCo NCs embedded in borosilicate glass. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 32463 KB

Open AccessReview

Advanced Development of Diverse Photovoltaic-Driven Water Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production: A Review on Coupling Mechanisms, Technological Evolution and Economic Analysis

by Yifei Yu, Suni Shi, Zhiyi Peng, Longlu Wang, Shiyan Wang and Chengbin Liu

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(10), 579; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16100579 - 8 May 2026

Abstract

In the context of global carbon neutrality, photovoltaic (PV)-coupled water electrolysis has emerged as a pivotal technological route for large-scale green hydrogen production. This review systematically explores the integration of diverse PV technologies (e.g., crystalline silicon, perovskite tandems, and concentrated PV) with various [...] Read more.

In the context of global carbon neutrality, photovoltaic (PV)-coupled water electrolysis has emerged as a pivotal technological route for large-scale green hydrogen production. This review systematically explores the integration of diverse PV technologies (e.g., crystalline silicon, perovskite tandems, and concentrated PV) with various electrolysis systems (such as AEL, PEMEL, and AEMEL). We analyze the coupling mechanisms across light–electricity–hydrogen multi-energy fields from three dimensions: PV spectral response matching, electrolyzer kinetic adaptation, and innovative system topologies. Furthermore, this paper highlights critical scientific challenges, including the mismatch between fluctuating PV output and steady-state electrolysis, lifecycle stability under extreme conditions, and the optimization of high-cost catalysts. By incorporating cutting-edge approaches like AI-driven predictions, digital twins, and photothermal synergies, we outline future trajectories for enhancing system efficiency and economic viability. Ultimately, this review provides theoretical guidance to advance the commercialization of diverse, stable, and low-cost PV-driven green hydrogen production systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Green Catalysis in Nanomaterials—Photocatalysis and Electrocatalysis)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1751 KB

Open AccessArticle

Response Surface Analysis of Thermo-Hydraulic Performance of a Direct Absorption Solar Receiver Using Fe₃O₄ Nanofluid Under Concentrated Solar Irradiation

by Jeonggyun Ham, Hyemin Kim, Sang-Bum Ryu and Honghyun Cho

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(10), 578; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16100578 - 8 May 2026

Abstract

This study investigates the thermo-hydraulic performance of a spiral-channel direct absorption solar collector (DASC) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The objective of this study was to establish a design framework that balances thermal efficiency (

η_{t h}

) and pressure drop ( [...] Read more.

This study investigates the thermo-hydraulic performance of a spiral-channel direct absorption solar collector (DASC) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The objective of this study was to establish a design framework that balances thermal efficiency (

η_{t h}

) and pressure drop (

Δ P

) by resolving inherent trade-offs. The results indicate that geometric parameters primarily influence hydraulic resistance, while optical factors govern thermal capture. To identify a robust operating region, a feasible design window was established under the constraints of

η_{t h} \geq

0.90 and

∆ P <

200 Pa. Analysis reveals that a minimum receiver height (Factor B) of 12.1 mm and a nanoparticle concentration (Factor A) of at least 0.052 wt% are required to satisfy the performance criteria. Within this identified space, an operating range of B = 18–24 mm and A = 0.06–0.08 wt% is recommended at fixed values of Factor C = 3 and Factor D = 0.59. This region-based approach provides a design foundation that respects thermodynamic limits while minimizing parasitic losses, offering practical guidelines for the optimization of spiral-channel DASC configurations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photothermal Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 2286 KB

Open AccessArticle

Nanoscale Room-Temperature Na Dynamics in Layered Ruthenates Na₁RuO₃ and Na_1.5RuO₃

by Mohammad Hussein Naseef Assadi

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(10), 577; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16100577 - 8 May 2026

Abstract

Understanding the atomic-scale ionic motion and transport in layered transition-metal oxides is essential for elucidating structural stability and electronic behaviour in complex systems. Here, we investigate nanoscale Na dynamics in Na₁RuO₃ and Na_1.5RuO₃ using room-temperature ab initiomolecular [...] Read more.

Understanding the atomic-scale ionic motion and transport in layered transition-metal oxides is essential for elucidating structural stability and electronic behaviour in complex systems. Here, we investigate nanoscale Na dynamics in Na₁RuO₃ and Na_1.5RuO₃ using room-temperature ab initiomolecular dynamics at the r²SCAN + U level. While Na mobility plays a key role in local coordination, its nanoscale mechanism remains nuanced and unexplored. Our simulations show that Na ions undergo pervasive rattling, with Na_1.5RuO₃ enabling exploration of larger volumes and exhibiting incipient migration compared to the more confined behaviour in Na₁RuO₃. In addition, oxygen’s contribution to redox capacity decreases from

43 %

to

24 %

with increasing Na content. These nanoscale insights demonstrate that tuning the local ionic environment governs charge compensation and dynamical response in ruthenate frameworks, with direct implications for the design of Na-ion battery cathodes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Chemistry and Theoretical Catalysis for Nanomaterial-Catalyzed Chemical Conversion and Energy Storage)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 3610 KB

Open AccessArticle

Metal Oxide Doping Modulates the Performances of Copper Oxide Nanoparticular Biocides

by Klaudia Pepłowska, Jaana Huotari, Kinga Czechowska, Marianne Vitipon, Véronique Collin-Faure, Elisabeth Chartier-Garcia, Alicja Hryniszyn, Witold Kurylak, Jacek Mazur, Satu Salo, Elisabeth Darrouzet, Adriana Wrona and Thierry Rabilloud

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(10), 576; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16100576 - 8 May 2026

Abstract

Copper has been used as a biocide for more than one century, in various applications. However, as a biocide, copper, both metallic, as a salt or as copper oxide particles, is toxic not only to its intended targets, mainly bacteria and fungi, but [...] Read more.

Copper has been used as a biocide for more than one century, in various applications. However, as a biocide, copper, both metallic, as a salt or as copper oxide particles, is toxic not only to its intended targets, mainly bacteria and fungi, but also to all living cells. Because of this toxicity, it is desirable to use forms of copper that maximize the required biocidal activity while minimizing the amount of copper that will be released in the environment. Copper oxide nanoparticles are a good compromise for all these requirements. The high surface ratio allows for good reactivity and thus good biocidal activity, while the small amount of copper present in nanoparticles compared to microparticles allows for a limited environmental release. However, plain copper oxide nanoparticles still show significant cytotoxicity, thereby limiting their use. We, therefore, investigated if doping copper oxide nanoparticles with other metal oxide nanoparticles, namely zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, would alter the functional features of the resulting nanoparticles, hopefully increasing the biocidal activity vs. toxicity balance. We investigated biocidal activity by stringent tests using both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as target bacteria. In addition, we investigated toxicity on mammalian macrophages or keratinocytes cell lines, as well as on an insect hemocyte cell line. Doping with zinc oxide decreased the biocidal activity, while increasing toxicity, which was the opposite of our expectations. Doping with titanium dioxide decreased the biocidal activity, but also markedly decreased cytotoxicity, which is an interesting avenue to follow. In addition, we also checked that beyond toxicity, the copper oxide-based nanoparticles did not induce an inflammatory reaction, making them safer to use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biology and Medicines)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

14 pages, 5022 KB

Open AccessArticle

Defect-Engineered VO₂ Films: From Abrupt Phase Transition to Continuous Infrared Modulation via High-Vacuum Annealing

by Lin Liu, Jinxiao Li, Lei Wu, Xiaoling Wu, Guoan Cheng and Ruiting Zheng

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(10), 575; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16100575 - 8 May 2026

Abstract

Vanadium dioxide (VO₂) films have attracted extensive attention for their pronounced metal–insulator transition (MIT) and multifunctional responses, holding great promise for smart windows, infrared stealth, memristive devices, and advanced sensors. However, conventional approaches for tuning the transition temperature, such as elemental [...] Read more.

Vanadium dioxide (VO₂) films have attracted extensive attention for their pronounced metal–insulator transition (MIT) and multifunctional responses, holding great promise for smart windows, infrared stealth, memristive devices, and advanced sensors. However, conventional approaches for tuning the transition temperature, such as elemental doping or heterostructure engineering, often suffer from complicated processing, impurity phases, and poor device uniformity. Here, we use a dopant-free, high-vacuum annealing (9 × 10⁻⁴ Pa, ≈9 × 10⁻⁶ mbar) strategy to regulate the intrinsic structural evolution of VO₂ films via oxygen-vacancy engineering and to clarify its influence on electrical switching contrast and infrared emissivity modulation. As the annealing temperature increases under low oxygen partial pressure, oxygen vacancies gradually accumulate, converting V⁴⁺ to V³⁺ and driving the films through three distinct structural stages: low-temperature lattice expansion with preserved M1 framework, critical structural collapse at 550 °C, and high-temperature defect rearrangement with local recrystallization. Consequently, the electrical MIT temperature continuously decreases, but the switching ratio collapses at the critical point and only partially recovers after high-temperature reorganization, while the infrared emissivity response transitions from abrupt, phase-transition-dominated switching to a continuous, tunable modulation at elevated temperatures. Notably, the infrared response begins continuous tuning earlier (≈450 °C) than the collapse of electrical MIT, reflecting the different sensitivities of optical and electronic responses to local lattice defects. These results reveal the coupling among oxygen-vacancy evolution, structural stability, electrical contrast, and infrared modulation in compositionally simple VO₂ films. Compared with conventional doping, this high-vacuum annealing strategy avoids impurity phases, preserves compositional simplicity, and provides a scalable defect-engineering route to design VO₂-based devices with reconfigurable electrical and infrared response modes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1625 KB

Open AccessArticle

Phytochemical-Loaded Biodegradable Nanoemulsions for Eradication of Fungal Biofilms

by Muhammad Aamir Hassan, Harini Chandrababu, Jungmi Park and Vincent M. Rotello

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(10), 574; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16100574 - 7 May 2026

Abstract

Fungal infections are an escalating health threat, especially in hard-to-treat biofilm-associated infections. Candida species are the most widespread drivers of wound biofilm and biomedical device-associated infections. In this study, biodegradable nanoemulsions (BNEs) were fabricated by encapsulating active components of three different essential oils—carvacrol [...] Read more.

Fungal infections are an escalating health threat, especially in hard-to-treat biofilm-associated infections. Candida species are the most widespread drivers of wound biofilm and biomedical device-associated infections. In this study, biodegradable nanoemulsions (BNEs) were fabricated by encapsulating active components of three different essential oils—carvacrol (C-BNE), geraniol (G-BNE), and eugenol (E-BNE)—in a polymeric scaffold with a biodegradable crosslinker. The antibiofilm efficacy of BNEs was assessed against 2-day-old biofilms of multiple Candida species. C-BNE showed maximum effectiveness against all fungal biofilms as compared to G-BNE and E-BNE. Confocal microscopy further demonstrated that C-BNE efficiently penetrated the biofilm and killed the fungal cells by compromising cell membrane integrity. Overall, this study highlights the potential of essential oil-loaded nanoemulsions against drug-resistant biofilm-associated fungal infections. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series in “Synthesis, Structure and Application of Functional Nanocomposites”)

28 pages, 18948 KB

Open AccessReview

Precise Probing of Interfaces at the Single-Molecule Scale

by Enyu Zhang, Zhiping Chen, Shuai Wang, Cong Zhao, Hongyu Ju, Yingze Sun and Chuancheng Jia

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(10), 573; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16100573 - 7 May 2026

Abstract

The macroscopic functionality of nanoscale systems is fundamentally governed by microscopic physicochemical processes at material interfaces. However, conventional ensemble-averaged characterization techniques often obscure these subtle interfacial nuances due to their inherent limitations in spatial and temporal resolution. This review examines how single-molecule electrical [...] Read more.

The macroscopic functionality of nanoscale systems is fundamentally governed by microscopic physicochemical processes at material interfaces. However, conventional ensemble-averaged characterization techniques often obscure these subtle interfacial nuances due to their inherent limitations in spatial and temporal resolution. This review examines how single-molecule electrical measurements overcome these constraints by acting as precise analytical probes that directly transduce interfacial events into quantifiable conductance signals. By summarizing recent advances, we demonstrate how this approach resolves key physical interfacial characteristics, including distinct bonding motifs, steric configurations, and electronic coupling. We further summarize the real-time chemical interrogation of solid–liquid boundaries, which enables the capture of covalent bond formation kinetics, the dissection of catalytic reaction mechanisms, and the tracking of dynamic ion adsorption and proton transfer. Collectively, these investigations reveal interfaces as active, dynamically responsive physicochemical environments rather than simple passive structural boundaries. Finally, we propose that when employed primarily as high-resolution diagnostic tools rather than standalone electronic components, single-molecule junctions bridge atomic-scale interfacial mechanisms with macroscopic material performance, thereby providing an essential mechanistic foundations for the rational design of functional nanointerfaces. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Chemistry at Nanoscale)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

20 pages, 3042 KB

Open AccessArticle

Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens: As-Synthesized Phase Formation and Thermal Evolution of Optical Properties

by Jorge L. Iriqui-Razcón, José L. De-la-Cruz-Estrella, Francisco Brown-Bojórquez, Hiram J. Higuera-Valenzuela, Pedro A. Hernández-Abril, Jesús A. Maldonado-Arriola and José A. Heredia-Cancino

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(10), 572; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16100572 - 7 May 2026

Abstract

This study reports a facile, phyto-mediated synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles utilizing the Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens extract. The high phenolic (1807.28 ± 57.38 µmol GAE/g) and flavonoid (33.17 ± 3.50 µmol QE/g) contents of the extract successfully induced the formation of the crystalline [...] Read more.

This study reports a facile, phyto-mediated synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles utilizing the Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens extract. The high phenolic (1807.28 ± 57.38 µmol GAE/g) and flavonoid (33.17 ± 3.50 µmol QE/g) contents of the extract successfully induced the formation of the crystalline hexagonal wurtzite phase under mild reaction conditions, circumventing the conventional requirement for the initial high-temperature calcination. The structural, morphological, and optical evolution of the nanoparticles was systematically evaluated from their as-synthesized state to the thermal annealing temperatures of 700 °C to 900 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed an increase in crystallite size from 21.5 nm to 55.6 nm, while scanning electron microscopy revealed a corresponding growth in average particle size from 143.33 nm to 261.50 nm due to thermal sintering. Furthermore, FTIR and EDS verified the degradation of organic capping agents and a progressive stoichiometric refinement, with the high-temperature samples approaching theoretical elemental purity (18.22% normalized oxygen mass). Optical characterization demonstrated a red-shift in the band gap energy from 3.28 eV to 3.21 eV, alongside a significant increase in visible diffuse reflectance progressing from a baseline of 30–60% to values exceeding 95% upon the removal of the biochemical components. These findings validate the OBPE-mediated protocol as a sustainable, thermodynamically advantageous route for producing structurally and optically tunable ZnO nanomaterials for advanced applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 8140 KB

Open AccessArticle

Laser-Driven Reactive Sintering of Cu–Liquid Metal on Paper for Flexible Microwave Sensors

by Ruo-Zhou Li, Mengchen Xu, Yiming Zhong, Yuhong Xia, Dongyang Lu, Zehua Wang, Ke Qu, Ying Yu and Jing Yan

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(10), 571; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16100571 - 7 May 2026

Abstract

The expansion of paper-based and wearable microwave electronics demands conductors that are highly conductive, finely patterned, mechanically robust, and compatible with low-cost, biodegradable substrates. This study reports a laser-scribing strategy for high-performance copper–liquid metal (Cu–LM) conductors on paper based on laser sintering of [...] Read more.

The expansion of paper-based and wearable microwave electronics demands conductors that are highly conductive, finely patterned, mechanically robust, and compatible with low-cost, biodegradable substrates. This study reports a laser-scribing strategy for high-performance copper–liquid metal (Cu–LM) conductors on paper based on laser sintering of Cu–LM composite particles, with an auxiliary adhesive transfer step to facilitate integration on flexible substrates. Laser-induced reactive sintering creates a network wherein sintered liquid metal and CuGa₂ acts as a conductive bridge, interconnecting the dispersed Cu particles. This provides efficient electron transport pathways, achieving a high conductivity of 4.2 × 10⁶ S/m under optimal laser conditions, surpassing that of pure eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) alloys. The self-healing nature of LM enables exceptional mechanical flexibility and stable electrical performance under severe deformation. The utility of this platform is demonstrated by a miniaturized microwave liquid level sensor that provides multi-parameter water-level detection and sensor calibration. These results establish laser-scribed Cu–LM on paper as a low-cost and disposable option for high-performance microwave sensors and flexible wireless electronics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Materials for Chemical Sensing and Environmental Sustainability: Trends, Concepts and Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 9513 KB

Open AccessArticle

Structure Inhomogeneity of Gold Nanoparticles and Its Effect on H₂ Dissociative Chemisorption

by Andrey K. Gatin, Sergey Yu. Sarvadii, Polina K. Ignat’eva, Ekaterina I. Rudenko, Maxim V. Grishin, Dinara Tastaibek, Denis A. Yavsin and Sergey A. Gurevich

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(10), 570; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16100570 - 7 May 2026

Abstract

Significant differences in hydrogen adsorption on amorphous and crystalline gold nanoparticles deposited on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) were revealed. Crystalline nanoparticles were synthesized via the impregnation–precipitation method followed by annealing at 700 K, whereas amorphous ones were obtained using the laser electrodispersion [...] Read more.

Significant differences in hydrogen adsorption on amorphous and crystalline gold nanoparticles deposited on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) were revealed. Crystalline nanoparticles were synthesized via the impregnation–precipitation method followed by annealing at 700 K, whereas amorphous ones were obtained using the laser electrodispersion method. The morphology and electronic structure of single nanoparticles were investigated with high spatial resolution using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) in ultra-high vacuum both before and after exposure to molecular hydrogen at doses of 400–6000 L. Experiments performed at room temperature showed that the surface coverage by the adsorbate in both cases begins at the Au-HOPG interface, spreads towards the center of the particle, and corresponds to the island growth model. However, amorphous nanoparticles have fewer growth sites at the periphery compared to crystalline ones. The local electronic structure of amorphous nanoparticles is more inhomogeneous compared to crystalline ones, demonstrating variation across different points on the nanoparticle surface. It was shown that dissociative chemisorption of hydrogen takes place on amorphous gold nanoparticles with a size of 4–6 nm. Chemisorption is completely inhibited when the nanoparticle size is reduced to 2 nm or less. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Regulation and Performance Assessment of Nanocatalysts)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 7494 KB

Open AccessArticle

Wafer-Scale Electrical Characterization of Al/Al_xO_y/Al Tunnel Junctions for Process Monitoring at Room Temperature

by Simon Johann Klaus Lang, Ignaz Eisele, Johannes Weber, Alexandra Schewski, Emir Music, Alwin Maiwald, Martin Hahn, Daniela Zahn, Zhen Luo, Lars Nebrich, Benedikt Schoof, Thomas Mayer, Leonhard Sturm-Rogon, Wilfried Lerch, Rui Nuno Pereira and Christoph Kutter

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(10), 569; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16100569 - 7 May 2026

Abstract

Josephson junctions are key elements in superconducting qubits. Their efficient wafer-scale characterization is crucial for process control and optimization, motivating analysis approaches that extend beyond conventional cryogenic measurements. In this work, we demonstrate that room temperature (RT) capacitance and current–voltage measurements, combined with [...] Read more.

Josephson junctions are key elements in superconducting qubits. Their efficient wafer-scale characterization is crucial for process control and optimization, motivating analysis approaches that extend beyond conventional cryogenic measurements. In this work, we demonstrate that room temperature (RT) capacitance and current–voltage measurements, combined with appropriate data analysis, enable extraction of relevant junction parameters such as oxide thickness, tunnel coefficient, and interfacial defect density. Furthermore, different charge transport mechanisms can be identified from detailed current–voltage analysis. We evaluate our characterization technique using tunnel junctions fabricated on 200 mm wafers in a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible subtractive process. The results show a homogeneous average oxide thickness across the wafer with a variation below 3%. A dependence of the tunnel coefficient on oxide thickness indicates a stoichiometry gradient within the oxide. Additionally, low interfacial defect densities in the range of 70–5000 defects/cm² are observed in our junctions, increasing with decreasing oxide thickness, suggesting that wet etching used for thickness control introduces interfacial trap states. Our study highlights the importance of advanced RT characterization for extracting tunnel junction parameters on the wafer scale, enabling effective process monitoring and optimization in industrial superconducting qubit manufacturing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Manufacturing of Nanomaterials)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Nanomaterials, Volume 16, Issue 10 (May-2 2026) – 12 articles

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI