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Nanomaterials
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New Trends in Plasma Technology for Nanomaterials and Applications
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New Trends in Plasma Technology for Nanomaterials and Applications

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanofabrication and Nanomanufacturing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 September 2024 | Viewed by 6672

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zhiqiang Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
Interests: liquid plasma; surface functionalization; plasma catalysis; plasma for industrial applications
Dr. Anton Nikiforov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Unit of Plasma Technology (RUPT), Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Interests: plasma technology; spectroscopy; plasma diagnostics; gas reforming
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plasma technology is a rapidly evolving field with a wide range of applications in various areas including electronics, energy, the environment, and biomedicine. In recent years, plasma-based techniques have gained significant attention for the synthesis and modification of nanomaterials. One of the key advantages of plasma processing is its ability to control the surface properties of materials at the nanoscale. Accordingly, plasma provides a unique capability to tailor the surface chemistry, morphology, and functionality of nanomaterials for the demands of various applications.

This Special Issue, entitled New Trends in Plasma Technology for Nanomaterials and Applications, aims to provide an overview of the latest developments in the areas covering plasma-assisted synthesis and modification of nanomaterials, and in new trends of their various applications. We invite researchers to submit the latest research papers to the Special Issue, which provides a unique platform to showcase the latest trends and advances in plasma technology for nanomaterials. The contributions may cover a wide range of topics. These include but are not limited to:

  • Plasma-based synthesis of nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, and nanocomposites;
  • Plasma-assisted surface modification of nanomaterials to enhance their properties such as catalytic activity, surface wettability, and biocompatibility;
  • Plasma-based techniques for the fabrication of nanodevices, such as nanosensors and nanoelectronics;
  • Applications of plasma-synthesized/functionalized nanomaterials in energy storage, catalysis, biomedical applications, and environmental remediation.

Overall, this Special Issue offers an excellent opportunity for researchers and scientists to share their latest research findings and contribute to the field of plasma technology and nanomaterials. We welcome any original research articles and review papers related to this topic.

Dr. Zhiqiang Chen
Dr. Anton Nikiforov
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanomaterials
  • plasma technology
  • plasma treatment
  • plasma synthesis
  • plasma processing
  • surface modification/ surface functionalization
  • energy
  • catalysis
  • environment

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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14 pages, 2269 KiB  
Article
Near-Plasma Chemical Surface Engineering
by Paula Navascués, Urs Schütz, Barbara Hanselmann and Dirk Hegemann
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(2), 195; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14020195 - 15 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1300
Abstract
As a new trend in plasma surface engineering, plasma conditions that allow more-defined chemical reactions at the surface are being increasingly investigated. This is achieved by avoiding high energy deposition via ion bombardment during direct plasma exposure (DPE) causing destruction, densification, and a [...] Read more.
As a new trend in plasma surface engineering, plasma conditions that allow more-defined chemical reactions at the surface are being increasingly investigated. This is achieved by avoiding high energy deposition via ion bombardment during direct plasma exposure (DPE) causing destruction, densification, and a broad variety of chemical reactions. In this work, a novel approach is introduced by placing a polymer mesh with large open area close to the plasma–sheath boundary above the plasma-treated sample, thus enabling near-plasma chemistry (NPC). The mesh size effectively extracts ions, while reactive neutrals, electrons, and photons still reach the sample surface. The beneficial impact of this on the plasma activation of poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) to enhance wettability and on the plasma polymerization of siloxanes, combined with the etching of residual hydrocarbons to obtain highly porous SiOx coatings at low temperatures, is discussed. Characterization of the treated samples indicates a predominant chemical modification yielding enhanced film structures and durability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Plasma Technology for Nanomaterials and Applications)
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16 pages, 11340 KiB  
Article
A New Method for Tungsten Oxide Nanopowder Deposition on Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites for X-ray Attenuation
by Marian Mogildea, George Mogildea, Sorin I. Zgura, Doina Craciun, Natalia Mihăilescu, Petronela Prepelita, Laura Mihai, Marian C. Bazavan, Vasile Bercu, Leonard Constantin Gebac, Raluca Maier, Bogdan S. Vasile and Valentin Craciun
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(23), 3071; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13233071 - 3 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1746
Abstract
A new method for the synthesis and deposition of tungsten oxide nanopowders directly on the surface of a carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composite (CFRP) is presented. The CFRP was chosen because this material has very good thermal and mechanical properties and chemical resistance. Also, CFRPs [...] Read more.
A new method for the synthesis and deposition of tungsten oxide nanopowders directly on the surface of a carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composite (CFRP) is presented. The CFRP was chosen because this material has very good thermal and mechanical properties and chemical resistance. Also, CFRPs have low melting points and are transparent under ionized radiation. The synthesis is based on the direct interaction between high-power-density microwaves and metallic wires to generate a high-temperature plasma in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, which afterward condenses as metallic oxide nanoparticles on the CFRP. During microwave discharge, the value of the electronic temperature of the plasma, estimated from Boltzmann plots, reached up to 4 eV, and tungsten oxide crystals with a size between 5 nm and 100 nm were obtained. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the tungsten oxide nanoparticles showed they were single crystals without any extended defects. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the surface of the CFRP sample does not degrade during microwave plasma deposition. The X-ray attenuation of CFRP samples covered with tungsten oxide nanopowder layers of 2 µm and 21 µm thickness was measured. The X-ray attenuation analysis indicated that the thin film with 2 µm thickness attenuated 10% of the photon flux with 20 to 29 KeV of energy, while the sample with 21 µm thickness attenuated 60% of the photon flux. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Plasma Technology for Nanomaterials and Applications)
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22 pages, 21673 KiB  
Article
Degradable Plasma-Polymerized Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Like Coating as a Matrix for Food-Packaging Applications
by Maryam Zabihzadeh Khajavi, Anton Nikiforov, Maryam Nilkar, Frank Devlieghere, Peter Ragaert and Nathalie De Geyter
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(20), 2774; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13202774 - 16 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1495
Abstract
Currently, there is considerable interest in seeking an environmentally friendly technique that is neither thermally nor organic solvent-dependent for producing advanced polymer films for food-packaging applications. Among different approaches, plasma polymerization is a promising method that can deposit biodegradable coatings on top of [...] Read more.
Currently, there is considerable interest in seeking an environmentally friendly technique that is neither thermally nor organic solvent-dependent for producing advanced polymer films for food-packaging applications. Among different approaches, plasma polymerization is a promising method that can deposit biodegradable coatings on top of polymer films. In this study, an atmospheric-pressure aerosol-assisted plasma deposition method was employed to develop a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-like coating, which can act as a potential matrix for antimicrobial agents, by envisioning controlled-release food-packaging applications. Different plasma operating parameters, including the input power, monomer flow rate, and gap between the edge of the plasma head and substrate, were optimized to produce a PEG-like coating with a desirable water stability level and that can be biodegradable. The findings revealed that increased distance between the plasma head and substrate intensified gas-phase nucleation and diluted the active plasma species, which in turn led to the formation of a non-conformal rough coating. Conversely, at short plasma–substrate distances, smooth conformal coatings were obtained. Furthermore, at low input powers (<250 W), the chemical structure of the precursor was mostly preserved with a high retention of C-O functional groups due to limited monomer fragmentation. At the same time, these coatings exhibit low stability in water, which could be attributed to their low cross-linking degree. Increasing the power to 350 W resulted in the loss of the PEG-like chemical structure, which is due to the enhanced monomer fragmentation at high power. Nevertheless, owing to the enhanced cross-linking degree, these coatings were more stable in water. Finally, it could be concluded that a moderate input power (250–300 W) should be applied to obtain an acceptable tradeoff between the coating stability and PEG resemblance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Plasma Technology for Nanomaterials and Applications)
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13 pages, 3370 KiB  
Article
A “Green” Stirring Plasma Functionalization Strategy for Controllable Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups on Octa-Methyl POSS Microstructure
by Xiao Chen, Kevin Magniez, Pengchao Zhang, Wojciech Kujawski, Zhiqiang Chen and Ludovic F. Dumée
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(20), 2770; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13202770 - 16 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1404
Abstract
The distinctive cage-like structure of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) materials makes them highly effective fillers in composite membranes for separation applications. However, realizing their full potential in the application often requires specific surface functionalization with various groups. However, this requirement remains challenging owing [...] Read more.
The distinctive cage-like structure of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) materials makes them highly effective fillers in composite membranes for separation applications. However, realizing their full potential in the application often requires specific surface functionalization with various groups. However, this requirement remains challenging owing to the limitations of wet-chemistry approaches, which frequently result in the generation of hazardous chemical by-products. In this paper, a “green” stirring plasma strategy is presented for the functionalization of octa-methyl POSS sub-micron particles into designable oxygen-containing functional groups using a low-pressure oxygen plasma from combined continuous wave and pulsed (CW+P) modes. Plasma from oxygen gas with CW mode offers highly oxygen-reactive species to continuously etch and activate the surface of the POSS. The resulting pulsed plasma assists in grafting more reactive oxygen species onto the active methyl groups of the POSS to form specific oxygen-containing functional groups including hydroxyl and carboxyl. A precise control of nearly one hydroxyl or one carboxyl group at the corner of the cage structure of the POSS is demonstrated, without damaging the core. Therefore, the plasma process discussed in this work is suggested by the authors as controllable fundamental research for the surface functionalization of sub-micron particles, promoting a more environmentally friendly pathway for the preparation of designable fillers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Plasma Technology for Nanomaterials and Applications)
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