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Bioactive Compounds and Chemical Analysis of Fruiting Bodies and Mycelial Cultures

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A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural Products Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 12179

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Dr. Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja

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Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
Interests: medicinal mushrooms; mycelium cultures; bioactive compounds (non-hallucinogenic indole compounds, phenolic acids, triterpenes, sterols); use of mushrooms in cosmetology
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Prof. Dr. Bożena Muszyńska

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Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
Interests: medicinal mushrooms; secondary metabolites of mushrooms; biological activity of mushrooms: anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, immunostimulatory; prebiotics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biotechnological solutions for the acquisition of medicinal, health-promoting, and cosmetic substances occupy an important place in the global pharmaceutical, cosmetic and health-food industries. A significant share in these solutions is related to the biotechnology of higher fungi, including medicinal species. An important research direction in the biotechnology of higher fungi is the endogenous production of bioactive compounds by biomass from mycelial cultures. Secondary metabolites produced by mycelial cultures representing various chemical groups are characterized by multidirectional biological activity, including antioxidant, immunostimulatory, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial - including antiviral activity. Mycelial cultures are a good model of research on natural raw material due to the short time of pure biomass cultivation. Mycelial cultures can be run under highly reproducible conditions, resulting in a constant composition of the obtained biomass. The possibility of optimizing the composition of the culture medium may increase the efficiency of biosynthesis of biologically active compounds.

The research results presented in the Special Issue: Chemical Analysis of Mycelial Cultures will allow us to determine the biosynthetic capacity of mycelium obtained in vitro. On the one hand, they will help determine whether in vitro cultures retain the ability to synthesize similar metabolites found in fruiting bodies. On the other hand, they will answer the question of whether in vitro cultures can produce, under the influence of modified conditions, new compounds not present in fruiting bodies.

Dr. Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja
Prof. Dr. Bożena Muszyńska
Guest Editors

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Keywords

Mycelial cultures
Secondary metabolites
Terpenoids
Biological activity
Anticancer activity
Antimicrobial activity
Immunology
Inflammation

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 553 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bioactivity and Mycochemical Profile of Extracts from Mycelial Cultures of Ganoderma spp.

by Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja, Gokhan Zengin, Agnieszka Gunia-Krzyżak, Justyna Popiół, Agnieszka Szewczyk, Magdalena Jaszek, Jerzy Rogalski and Bożena Muszyńska

Molecules 2022, 27(1), 275; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010275 - 3 Jan 2022

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4252

Abstract

Fungal mycelium cultures are an alternative to natural sources in order to obtain valuable research materials. They also enable constant control and adaptation of the process, thereby leading to increased biomass growth and accumulation of bioactive metabolites. The present study aims to assess the biosynthetic potential of mycelial cultures of six Ganoderma species: G. adspersum, G. applanatum, G. carnosum, G. lucidum, G. pfeifferi, and G. resinaceum. The presence of phenolic acids, amino acids, indole compounds, sterols, and kojic acid in biomass extracts was determined by HPLC. The antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the extracts and their effects on the inhibition of selected enzymes (tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase) were also evaluated. The total content of phenolic acids in the extracts ranged from 5.8 (G. carnosum) to 114.07 mg/100 g dry weight (d.w.) (G. pfeifferi). The total content of indole compounds in the extracts ranged from 3.03 (G. carnosum) to 11.56 mg/100 g d.w. (G. lucidum) and that of ergosterol ranged from 28.15 (G. applanatum) to 74.78 mg/100 g d.w. (G. adspersum). Kojic acid was found in the extracts of G. applanatum and G. lucidum. The tested extracts showed significant antioxidant activity. The results suggest that the analyzed mycelial cultures are promising candidates for the development of new dietary supplements or pharmaceutical preparations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds and Chemical Analysis of Fruiting Bodies and Mycelial Cultures)

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12 pages, 984 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Secondary Metabolites with Cytotoxic Activities from Streptomyces sp. BM-8 Isolated from the Feces of Equusquagga

by Shengsheng Lu, Jianan Hu, Xi Xie, Runhong Zhou, Fangfang Li, Ruifeng Huang and Jian He

Molecules 2021, 26(24), 7556; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247556 - 13 Dec 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2484

Abstract

A new aliphatic acid, compound 1, together with six known metabolites, including nonactic acid (2), homononactic acid (3), ethyl homononactate (4), homononactylhomononactate (5), valinomycin (6), and cyclo-(Pro-Leu) (7), was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. BM-8, an actinobacterial strain isolated from the feces of Equus quagga. The structures of these compounds were established by analyses of spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR), as well as by HR-ESI-MS spectrometry and chemical derivative analyses. Additionally, a serial analogue of nonactic acid and homononacticacid (8–21) was synthesized. The cytotoxicity of 1–21 wastested against a panel of cancer cell lines, such as HT-29, MCF-7, A375 and K562, with MTT assay. In addition, the cytotoxicity tests revealed that 1 was less cytotoxic toward a panel of cancerous cells, as compared with valinomycin (6). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds and Chemical Analysis of Fruiting Bodies and Mycelial Cultures)

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12 pages, 10329 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pentacyclic Cytochalasins and Their Derivatives from the Endophytic Fungus Phomopsis sp. xz-18

by Guichon Huang, Weiwen Lin, Hanpeng Li, Qian Tang, Zhiyu Hu, Huiying Huang, Xianming Deng and Qingyan Xu

Molecules 2021, 26(21), 6505; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216505 - 28 Oct 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2437

Abstract

Eight new cytochalasins 1–8 and ten known analogs 9–18 were isolated from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. xz-18. The planar structures of the cytochalasins were determined by HR-ESI-MS and NMR analysis. Compounds 1, 2, 9 and 10 were 5/6/6/7/5-fused pentacyclic cytochalasins; compounds 3 and 4 had conjugated diene structures in the macrocycle; and compound 6 had a β,γ-unsaturated ketone. The absolute configuration of 6 was confirmed for the first time by the octant rule. The acid-free purification process proved that the pentacyclic system was a natural biosynthetic product and not an acid-mediated intramolecular cyclized artifact. The new compounds did not exhibit activities against human cancer cell lines in cytotoxicity bioassays or antipathogenic fungal activity, but compounds 1, 3 and 4 showed moderate antibacterial activity in disk diffusion assays. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds and Chemical Analysis of Fruiting Bodies and Mycelial Cultures)

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10 pages, 1528 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A New Biotechnology Method of Bioelements’ Accumulation Monitoring in In Vitro Culture of Agaricus bisporus

by Agata Krakowska, Witold Reczyński, Tomasz Krakowski, Karolina Szewczyk, Włodzimierz Opoka and Bożena Muszyńska

Molecules 2021, 26(17), 5165; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175165 - 26 Aug 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2153

Abstract

Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach is one the most popular species of edible mushrooms in the world because of its taste and nutritional properties. In the research, repeatability of accumulation of bioelements and biomass yield in experimentally chosen in vitro culture medium, was confirmed. The in vitro cultures were conducted on the modified Oddoux medium enriched with bioelements (Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe). The aim of the study was to create an effective method of sampling, which enabled non-invasive monitoring of metals concentrations changes in the medium, during increase of biomass in in vitro cultures. The first, indirect method of sampling was applied. The non-invasive probe (a dipper) for in vitro culture was used; hence, the highest biomass increase and metals accumulation were gained. The method also guaranteed culture sterility. The second method, a direct one, interfered the in vitro culture conditions and growth of mycelium, and as a consequence the lower biomass increase and metals’ accumulation were observed. Few cases of contaminations of mycelium in in vitro cultures were observed. The proposed method of non-invasive sampling of the medium can be used to monitor changes in the concentrations of metals in the medium and their accumulation in the mycelium in natural environment. Changes in concentrations of the selected metals over time, determined by the method of atomic absorption spectrometry, made it possible to correlate the obtained results with the specific stages of A. bisporus mycelium development and to attempt to explain the mechanism of sampling metals from the liquid substrate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds and Chemical Analysis of Fruiting Bodies and Mycelial Cultures)

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