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Chemical Composition and Bioactivities of Essential Oils, 3rd Edition

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural Products Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 766

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Guest Editor
Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Interests: pharmacology; chemotherapy; multidrug resistance; natural products; pharmacognosy and phytotherapy
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The discovery of natural, plant-based products is rightly recognized as a milestone in the history of health care, and their introduction into the market in combination with synthetic medicines has resolved many health concerns. As a result, the extraction of plant secondary metabolites such as essential oils (EOs) through steam or hydro-distillation processes has seen significant progress over the years. EOs are a complex mixture of various chemical compounds primarily characterized by their volatility, aroma, and low molecular weight. Their diverse biological properties of arise from the differences in their chemical constitution and structure. EOs play important roles in defense against external agents and participate in signal transduction pathways. Their biological properties are widely documented by a large body of research, demonstrating their antitumor, antibioceptive, antiviral, antiphlogistic, and antimicrobial activity in vitro. Furthermore, essential oils contain several chemical classes of compounds whose heterogeneity of active moieties can help prevent the development of drug resistance. Therefore, due to their low toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and multitarget action, EOs represent important alternatives to synthetic chemicals as promising drugs for therapeutic use.

The purpose of the third edition of this Special Issue, entitled "Chemical composition and bioactivity of essential oils", is to continue to provide updates on the phytochemical composition of plant extracts and to analyze the bioactivity of essential oils or their components in different models, in vitro and/or in vivo, also taking into account the possibility of using new site-specific EO delivery strategies.

Major topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

The extraction, isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from plant extracts;

Evaluations of the antioxidant, antitumor, and antimicrobial activity of essential oils or their constituents;

Evaluations of the activity of essential oils in multidrug resistance models;

Evaluations of the benefits of using emerging technologies for the efficient delivery of EOs into target cells and in combination with conventional chemotherapy drugs.

Dr. Manuela Labbozzetta
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • bioactive natural compounds
  • essential oils
  • chemical characterization
  • the essential oil mechanism of action
  • biological activities in vitro and in vivo
  • antitumor
  • antimicrobials
  • antioxidant
  • EO delivery strategies

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Research

17 pages, 738 KiB  
Article
Chemical Composition, Enantiomeric Distribution and Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Antienzymatic Activities of Essential Oil from Leaves of Citrus x limonia
by Eduardo Valarezo, Laura Toledo-Ruiz, Wolter Coque-Saetama, Alfredo Caraguay-Martínez, Ximena Jaramillo-Fierro, Nixon Cumbicus and Miguel Angel Meneses
Molecules 2025, 30(4), 937; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30040937 - 18 Feb 2025
Viewed by 624
Abstract
Citrus x limonia is an aromatic species belonging to the Rutaceae family. In the present study, the chemical composition, enantiomeric distribution, and biological activity of the essential oil isolated from leaves of Citrus x limonia were determined. The essential oil was extracted through [...] Read more.
Citrus x limonia is an aromatic species belonging to the Rutaceae family. In the present study, the chemical composition, enantiomeric distribution, and biological activity of the essential oil isolated from leaves of Citrus x limonia were determined. The essential oil was extracted through hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID), and a mass spectrometer detector (GC-MS) using a nonpolar column. The enantiomeric distribution was performed using two enantioselective chromatographic columns. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the broth microdilution method. The antimicrobial activity was tested against eight bacteria and two fungi. The antioxidant activity was determined through ABTS and DPPH methods. The spectrophotometric method was used to determine anticholinesterase activity. In the essential oil, forty-three compounds were identified. These compounds represent 99.13% of the total composition. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the most representative group in number of compounds (fourteen) and in terms of relative abundance (65.67%). The main constituent is found to be limonene (25.37 ± 0.80%), β-pinene (23.29 ± 0.15%) and sabinene (8.35 ± 0.10%). Six pairs of enantiomers were identified in the essential oil from fruits of Citrus x limonia. The essential oil showed moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive cocci Enterococcus faecalis, and Gram-positive bacillus Lysteria monocytogenes with a MIC of 1000 μg/mL. The oil exhibited strong antifungal activity against fungi Aspergillus niger, and yeasts Candida albicans with a MIC of 250 and 500 μg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant activity of essential oil was weak in ABTS method with a SC50 of 9.12 mg/mL. Additionally, the essential oil presented moderate anticholinesterase activity with an IC50 of 71.02 ± 1.02 µg/mL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Composition and Bioactivities of Essential Oils, 3rd Edition)
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