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Cyclodextrin Chemistry and Toxicology, 4th Edition

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 306

Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
Interests: cyclodextrin; inclusion complex; preparation methods; drug delivery systems; X-ray diffraction; crystal structure
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Human Sciences, Link Campus University, Via del Casale di San Pio V, 44-00165 Rome, Italy
Interests: proteins; UV-visible spectroscopy; nuclear magnetic resonance; structural biology; circular dichroism; molecular docking; inclusion complexes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Three Special Issues regarding the chemistry and toxicology of cyclodextrins have been already published, receiving good feedback in terms of submitted and published papers (14 in the first edition, 16 in the second and 8 in the third edition). Given these great results, we are here to propose the fourth edition on this interesting topic. This Special Issue is focused on the application of natural cyclodextrins and their derivatives, the synthesis and characterization of host-guest complexes, as well as the evaluation of the potential toxicity of functionalized host-guest molecules and inclusion complexes as they are.

Thanks to their typical toroidal-like structure, consisting of an apolar internal cavity and a polar external surface, cyclodextrins (CDs) allow the physical inclusion of a wide range of active molecules. Natural CDs, as well as their functionalized derivatives and/or their polymers (i.e., cyclodextrins, nanosponges, and hydrogels), have numerous applications in several fields: biotechnologies, green chemistry, cosmetic formulations/fragrance stabilization, analytical chemistry, drug delivery, pharmaceutical excipients, and the textile industry. This Special Issue aims to investigate the state of the art regarding the characterization of cyclodextrins and their molecular complexes, the study of the toxicology of these composite molecules, and the evaluation of their potential role in multiple applications.

Dr. Rosa Iacovino
Dr. Gianluca D’Abrosca
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • inclusion complexes
  • cyclodextrin derivates
  • biological activities of cyclodextrin
  • pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of cyclodextrin
  • industrial applications of cyclodextrins
  • nano-materials and nano-structured coatings containing cyclodextrins
  • environmental remediation of cyclodextrins
  • toxicity of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 1935 KB  
Article
Environmental Impact of β-Cyclodextrin Complexes with Herbicides: A Study on Solubility and Toxicity
by Gaetano Caputo, Elena Orlo, Roberta Nugnes, Chiara Russo, Martina Dragone, Gianluca D’Abrosca, Gaetano Malgieri, Carla Isernia, Margherita Lavorgna, Rosa Iacovino and Marina Isidori
Molecules 2026, 31(13), 2361; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31132361 - 4 Jul 2026
Abstract
Formulation strategies that modify the physicochemical behavior of herbicides may influence their environmental fate and toxicity. In this context, this study investigates the effect of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) complexation on the solubility and aquatic toxicity of chlorpropham (CLP), monuron (MON), and propanil (PRO), herbicides [...] Read more.
Formulation strategies that modify the physicochemical behavior of herbicides may influence their environmental fate and toxicity. In this context, this study investigates the effect of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) complexation on the solubility and aquatic toxicity of chlorpropham (CLP), monuron (MON), and propanil (PRO), herbicides still in use in different parts of the world and frequently detected in aquatic environments at concentrations ranging from ng/L to µg/L. The solubility enhancement mediated by β-cyclodextrin was explored using UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopy, evaluating the impact of complexation on herbicides’ water solubility. Ecotoxicological evaluations were performed in Raphidocelis subcapitata (R. subcapitata) and Brachionus calyciflorus (B. calyciflorus), representing primary producers and consumers. Acute toxicity in B. calyciflorus significantly increased following complexation, with LC50 values decreasing from 178.09 µM (CLP), 32.32 µM (MON), and 20.77 µM (PRO) to 4.89, 2.55, and 2.29 µM, respectively. Chronic exposure further confirmed heightened sensitivity in rotifers (EC50: 0.04 µM for β-CD: MON; 0.02 µM for β-CD:PRO). R. subcapitata exhibited higher sensitivity to CLP (EC50: 2.57 µM), consistent with its mitosis inhibition mechanism. Risk Quotient (RQ) analysis, based on current environmental concentrations, revealed an ecotoxicological concern for MON and PRO. Overall, our study indicates that although β-cyclodextrin enhances herbicides solubility, it may also increase their bioavailability and toxicity underlining the necessity to evaluate a novel formulation not only from the point of view of the efficacy enhancement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyclodextrin Chemistry and Toxicology, 4th Edition)
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