Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 1345

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Guest Editor
CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
Interests: inflammatory bowel disease; clinical research; public health; nursing
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We announce this Special Issue focused on the microbial dimensions of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). IBDs, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are complex immune-mediated disorders in which alterations to the intestinal microbiota play a central role in disease onset, progression, and therapeutic response.

This Special Issue will provide a focused platform for high-quality research addressing the microbiological and microbial-driven mechanisms underlying IBDs. We welcome original research articles, reviews, and short communications exploring host–microbiome interactions, gut microbiota dysbiosis, microbial signatures associated with disease phenotypes, and the role of specific pathogens in intestinal inflammation.

Recent advances have highlighted the importance of microbial ecosystems in shaping mucosal immunity and influencing disease trajectories. Studies investigating bacterial, viral, and fungal communities, as well as multi-omics approaches integrating metagenomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics, are contributing to a deeper understanding of IBD pathogenesis. In parallel, growing attention is being paid to antimicrobial resistance patterns in IBD patients, particularly in the context of repeated antibiotic exposure and immunosuppressive therapies.

This Special Issue also encourages contributions focusing on microbiome-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, including microbial biomarkers for early diagnosis and disease monitoring; microbiota-targeted interventions such as fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, and diet–microbiome interactions; and the development of precision medicine approaches based on microbial profiling.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Gut microbiota dysbiosis in IBDs;
  • Host–microbiome interactions and immune regulation;
  • Role of pathogens in intestinal inflammation;
  • Antimicrobial resistance in IBD populations;
  • Microbial biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis;
  • Microbiome-based therapeutic strategies;
  • Multi-omics and systems biology approaches in IBD microbiology.

By focusing on the microbial determinants of IBD, this Special Issue will advance mechanistic understanding and support the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in this rapidly evolving field.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Microbiology Research.

Dr. Daniele Napolitano
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • inflammatory bowel disease
  • Crohn’s disease
  • ulcerative colitis
  • gut microbiota
  • dysbiosis
  • microbiome
  • intestinal inflammation
  • microbial biomarkers
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • precision medicine

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 1996 KB  
Article
Microbiota and Nutritional Changes Following a Low-FODMAP Diet in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Viridiana Montsserrat Mendoza-Martínez, Karen Lorena de León-Barrera, Guillermo Meléndez-Mier, Marcela Esquivel-Velázquez, Alberto Piña-Escobedo, Jaime García-Mena, Juan Manuel Vélez-Ixta, Martha Alison Santoyo-Chávez, Jorge Luis De-León-Rendón, Alejandro González-Tapia and Nallely Bueno-Hernández
Microorganisms 2026, 14(8), 1643; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14081643 - 28 Jul 2026
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Abstract
The low-FODMAP diet (LFD) reduces gastrointestinal symptoms, restricting poorly absorbed short-chain carbohydrates to reduce colonic fermentation. It has been proposed as a dietary strategy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. However, this diet could affect patients’ nutritional status and [...] Read more.
The low-FODMAP diet (LFD) reduces gastrointestinal symptoms, restricting poorly absorbed short-chain carbohydrates to reduce colonic fermentation. It has been proposed as a dietary strategy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. However, this diet could affect patients’ nutritional status and alter their gut microbiota. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a 10-week LFD on nutritional status, quality of life, and gut microbiota in patients with IBS, UC, and a control group without gastrointestinal symptoms. A randomized, single-blind clinical trial was conducted, including adults with IBS and UC, as well as a control group. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either an LFD or a standard diet (STD). Nutritional status, stool consistency, bowel habits, and quality of life were assessed, and stool samples were collected. Stool microbiota was profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V3) and analyzed for alpha diversity, beta diversity and differential abundance. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance. The follow-up period lasted 10 weeks (W0 to W10). Analyses were conducted in the per-protocol population. In total, 86 patients were included (IBS n = 40, UC n = 34, Control n = 12) with an average age of 40 ± 11 years. After adjustment for baseline values, no statistically significant differences in anthropometric or body-composition outcomes were observed between the LFD and STD groups. Similarly, there was a notable reduction in diarrhea frequency (53.3% vs. 20%, p = 0.058). Additionally, patients with IBS and UC exhibited similar microbiota profiles at W0. Among UC patients following the LFD, there was increased presence of BX12, CAG-1427, Holdemania, Evtepia, and Granulicatella, while Angelakisella and CAG-177 were less abundant. LFD was associated with changes in stool consistency, bowel habits, quality of life, and gut microbiota in patients with UC and IBS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)
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Review

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26 pages, 1334 KB  
Review
Rewriting Inflammation in IBD: Lipidomics from Pathogenesis to Clinical Application
by Christopher Patteril, Chiara Pezzella, Pierluigi Puca, Federica Di Vincenzo, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso, Lucrezia Laterza, Daniele Napolitano, Giovanni Cammarota, Alfredo Papa, Antonio Gasbarrini and Franco Scaldaferri
Microorganisms 2026, 14(7), 1432; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14071432 - 30 Jun 2026
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Abstract
Lipids (sphingolipids, fatty acids, phospholipids, and lipoproteins) are vital to intestinal barrier integrity, as precursors for pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators and undergo remodelling through host microbiome interactions. Accumulating evidence implicates the Western diet—high in long-chain saturated and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and low [...] Read more.
Lipids (sphingolipids, fatty acids, phospholipids, and lipoproteins) are vital to intestinal barrier integrity, as precursors for pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators and undergo remodelling through host microbiome interactions. Accumulating evidence implicates the Western diet—high in long-chain saturated and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and low in omega-3—in both the onset and progression of IBD. In contrast, microbiota derived lipid metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids, contribute to mucosal homeostasis and immune regulation. This review is structured around three interconnected pillars. First, we classified lipidomic alterations in IBD across major lipid classes: sphingolipids, fatty acids, phospholipids, and lipoproteins by integrating host, dietary, and microbiome contributions. Second, we examined the potential of lipidomics in IBD as a source of prognostic, diagnostic and therapy response biomarkers. Third, we critically assessed the challenges that currently limit clinical implementation including analytical variability, pre-analytical confounding, small cohort sizes, and the lack of prospective validation. Addressing these barriers will be essential to fully realise the potential of lipidomics in advancing personalised care for patients with IBD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)
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