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Micromachines
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Neural Electrodes in Bioelectronic Medicine
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Neural Electrodes in Bioelectronic Medicine

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "B：Biology and Biomedicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2022) | Viewed by 5793

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ivo Strauss

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Postdoctoral Researcher, Professur für Biomedizinische Mikrotechnik, Institut für Mikrosystemtechnik (IMTEK), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 201, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
Interests: neural electrodes; neuromodulation; neuroprosthetics; electrochemistry; cyclic voltammetry; electrical stimulation, neural recording; neural implants
Dr. Andres Pena

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Assistant Research Professor, Institute for Integrative and Innovative Research (I3R), University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Interests: neuromodulation; sensory feedback; bioelectronic medicine; electrical stimulation; neuroprosthetics; neural implants; neural electrodes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bioelectronic medicine (BM) is an upcoming field aiming to substitute pharmaceutical treatments by interfering with bioelectrical activity from the nervous system. BM has the advantage of acting immediately, whereas pharmaceuticals have to be metabolized by the body to take effect. Additionally, BM is very target-specific, and may therefore help to reduce drug side effects.

Neural electrodes are an essential interface in BM. They allow us to stimulate and record, and therefore interfere with neural tissue activity. Among others, neural stimulation was used to restore sensory feedback in amputees and motoric functions in SCI patients. Other groups demonstrated the potential to stimulate or record from the autonomic nervous system, restoring heart rate or digestive disorders and bladder or sexual dysfunction.

Despite recent advancements, the application of neural electrodes in long-term and clinical applications remains very challenging. Issues such as material failure, tissue inflammation, and low charge injection or SNR limit the application of neural electrodes in clinical applications.

This Special Issue addresses research papers, reviews, and communications related to state-of-the-art findings and advanced developments that contribute to future applications of neural electrodes in clinical BM applications.

We look forward to receiving your submissions! 

Dr. Ivo Strauss
Dr. Andres Pena
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bioelectronic medicine
  • neural microelectrodes
  • neural implants
  • neural stimulation
  • neural recording
  • intraneural electrodes
  • epineural electrodes
  • electrode–tissue interface
  • electrochemistry

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2307 KiB  
Article
Polysaccharide Layer-by-Layer Coating for Polyimide-Based Neural Interfaces
by Eugenio Redolfi Riva, Angela D’Alessio and Silvestro Micera
Micromachines 2022, 13(5), 692; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13050692 - 28 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2355
Abstract
Implantable flexible neural interfaces (IfNIs) are capable of directly modulating signals of the central and peripheral nervous system by stimulating or recording the action potential. Despite outstanding results in acute experiments on animals and humans, their long-term biocompatibility is hampered by the effects [...] Read more.
Implantable flexible neural interfaces (IfNIs) are capable of directly modulating signals of the central and peripheral nervous system by stimulating or recording the action potential. Despite outstanding results in acute experiments on animals and humans, their long-term biocompatibility is hampered by the effects of foreign body reactions that worsen electrical performance and cause tissue damage. We report on the fabrication of a polysaccharide nanostructured thin film as a coating of polyimide (PI)-based IfNIs. The layer-by-layer technique was used to coat the PI surface due to its versatility and ease of manufacturing. Two different LbL deposition techniques were tested and compared: dip coating and spin coating. Morphological and physiochemical characterization showed the presence of a very smooth and nanostructured thin film coating on the PI surface that remarkably enhanced surface hydrophilicity with respect to the bare PI surface for both the deposition techniques. However, spin coating offered more control over the fabrication properties, with the possibility to tune the coating’s physiochemical and morphological properties. Overall, the proposed coating strategies allowed the deposition of a biocompatible nanostructured film onto the PI surface and could represent a valid tool to enhance long-term IfNI biocompatibility by improving tissue/electrode integration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neural Electrodes in Bioelectronic Medicine)
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22 pages, 4690 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Feasibility of Ventricular Delivery of Resveratrol to the Microelectrode Tissue Interface
by Youjoung Kim, Evon S. Ereifej, William E. Schwartzman, Seth M. Meade, Keying Chen, Jacob Rayyan, He Feng, Varoon Aluri, Natalie N. Mueller, Raman Bhambra, Sahaj Bhambra, Dawn M. Taylor and Jeffrey R. Capadona
Micromachines 2021, 12(12), 1446; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12121446 - 25 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2572
Abstract
(1) Background: Intracortical microelectrodes (IMEs) are essential to basic brain research and clinical brain–machine interfacing applications. However, the foreign body response to IMEs results in chronic inflammation and an increase in levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). The current study builds [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Intracortical microelectrodes (IMEs) are essential to basic brain research and clinical brain–machine interfacing applications. However, the foreign body response to IMEs results in chronic inflammation and an increase in levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). The current study builds on our previous work, by testing a new delivery method of a promising antioxidant as a means of extending intracortical microelectrodes performance. While resveratrol has shown efficacy in improving tissue response, chronic delivery has proven difficult because of its low solubility in water and low bioavailability due to extensive first pass metabolism. (2) Methods: Investigation of an intraventricular delivery of resveratrol in rats was performed herein to circumvent bioavailability hurdles of resveratrol delivery to the brain. (3) Results: Intraventricular delivery of resveratrol in rats delivered resveratrol to the electrode interface. However, intraventricular delivery did not have a significant impact on electrophysiological recordings over the six-week study. Histological findings indicated that rats receiving intraventricular delivery of resveratrol had a decrease of oxidative stress, yet other biomarkers of inflammation were found to be not significantly different from control groups. However, investigation of the bioavailability of resveratrol indicated a decrease in resveratrol accumulation in the brain with time coupled with inconsistent drug elution from the cannulas. Further inspection showed that there may be tissue or cellular debris clogging the cannulas, resulting in variable elution, which may have impacted the results of the study. (4) Conclusions: These results indicate that the intraventricular delivery approach described herein needs further optimization, or may not be well suited for this application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neural Electrodes in Bioelectronic Medicine)
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