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Micromachines
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Electrochemical Supercapacitors for Energy Harvesting and Storage
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Electrochemical Supercapacitors for Energy Harvesting and Storage

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "C：Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 7767

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ganesh T. Chavan

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Guest Editor
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
Interests: energy conversion and storage; solar cells; supercapacitors; water splitting
Dr. Sagar Mane

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Guest Editor
Department of Fiber System Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Dehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
Interests: energy conversion and storage; HER and OER; sensing materials; multiferroic composites; sintering processes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electrochemical supercapacitors have emerged as key components in the field of energy harvesting and storage, offering a promising solution to the ever-growing demand for efficient, high-power energy systems. Recent years have witnessed significant strides in the development of electrochemical supercapacitors, driven by advances in materials science, device design, and integration technologies. Researchers have explored innovative materials, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and metal oxides, to enhance energy storage capacity and conductivity. Novel architectures, including asymmetric and hybrid configurations, have been proposed to optimize the trade-off between energy density and power density. This collection serves as a platform for showcasing the latest breakthroughs in the realm of electrochemical supercapacitors, exploring their pivotal role in revolutionizing energy harvesting and storage technologies. We invite contributions from researchers, scholars, and industry experts exploring novel solutions across various disciplines, such as materials development, device design, and applications of supercapacitors for efficient energy management. This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art, fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange in the pursuit of sustainable and high-performance energy solutions.

We look forward to your participation in this Special Issue.

Dr. Ganesh T. Chavan
Dr. Sagar Mane
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrochemical supercapacitors
  • metal oxides
  • metal sulfides
  • 2D nanomaterials
  • hybrid supercapacitors
  • battery-type supercapacitors

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3746 KiB  
Article
Ni3V2O8 Marigold Structures with rGO Coating for Enhanced Supercapacitor Performance
by Manesh A. Yewale, Pritam J. Morankar, Vineet Kumar, Aviraj M. Teli., Sonali A. Beknalkar, Suprimkumar D. Dhas and Dong-Kil Shin
Micromachines 2024, 15(7), 930; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15070930 - 20 Jul 2024
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1825
Abstract
In this work, Ni3V2O8 (NVO) and Ni3V2O8-reduced graphene oxide (NVO-rGO) are synthesized hydrothermally, and their extensive structural, morphological, and electrochemical characterizations follow subsequently. The synthetic materials’ crystalline structure was confirmed by X-ray [...] Read more.
In this work, Ni3V2O8 (NVO) and Ni3V2O8-reduced graphene oxide (NVO-rGO) are synthesized hydrothermally, and their extensive structural, morphological, and electrochemical characterizations follow subsequently. The synthetic materials’ crystalline structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and its unique marigold-like morphology was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The chemical states of the elements were investigated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to assess the electrochemical performance. A specific capacitance of 132 F/g, an energy density of 5.04 Wh/kg, and a power density of 187 W/kg were demonstrated by Ni3V2O8-rGO. Key electrochemical characteristics were b = 0.67; a transfer coefficient of 0.52; a standard rate constant of 6.07 × 10−5 cm/S; a diffusion coefficient of 5.27 × 10−8 cm2/S; and a series resistance of 1.65 Ω. By employing Ni3V2O8-rGO and activated carbon, an asymmetric supercapacitor with a specific capacitance of 7.85 F/g, an energy density of 3.52 Wh/kg, and a power density of 225 W/kg was achieved. The series resistance increased from 4.27 Ω to 6.63 Ω during cyclic stability tests, which showed 99% columbic efficiency and 87% energy retention. The potential of Ni3V2O8-rGO as a high-performance electrode material for supercapacitors is highlighted by these findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Supercapacitors for Energy Harvesting and Storage)
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14 pages, 5710 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Capability of Cu-MoS2 Catalysts for Use in Electrocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
by Aviraj M. Teli, Rajneesh Kumar Mishra, Jae Cheol Shin and Wookhee Jeon
Micromachines 2024, 15(7), 876; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15070876 - 3 Jul 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1854
Abstract
Herein, we prepare MoS2 and Cu-MoS2 catalysts using the solvothermal method, a widely accepted technique for electrocatalytic overall water-splitting applications. TEM and SEM images, standard tools in materials science, provide a clear view of the morphology of Cu-MoS2. HRTEM [...] Read more.
Herein, we prepare MoS2 and Cu-MoS2 catalysts using the solvothermal method, a widely accepted technique for electrocatalytic overall water-splitting applications. TEM and SEM images, standard tools in materials science, provide a clear view of the morphology of Cu-MoS2. HRTEM analysis, a high-resolution imaging technique, confirms the lattice spacing, lattice plane, and crystal structure of Cu-MoS2. HAADF and corresponding color mapping and advanced imaging techniques reveal the existence of the Cu-doping, Mo, and S elements in Cu-MoS2. Notably, Cu plays a crucial role in improving the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of the Cu-MoS2 catalyst as compared with the MoS2 catalyst. In addition, the Cu-MoS2 catalyst demonstrates significantly lower overpotential (167.7 mV and 290 mV) and Tafel slopes (121.5 mV dec−1 and 101.5 mV dec−1), standing at −10 mA cm−2 and 10 mA cm−2 for HER and OER, respectively, compared to the MoS2 catalyst. Additionally, the Cu-MoS2 catalyst displays outstanding stability for 12 h at −10 mA cm−2 of HER and 12 h at 10 mA cm−2 of OER using chronopotentiaometry. Interestingly, the Cu-MoS2‖Cu-MoS2 cell displays a lower cell potential of 1.69 V compared with the MoS2‖MoS2 cell of 1.81 V during overall water splitting. Moreover, the Cu-MoS2‖Cu-MoS2 cell shows excellent stability when using chronopotentiaometry for 18 h at 10 mA cm−2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Supercapacitors for Energy Harvesting and Storage)
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17 pages, 8035 KiB  
Article
Elevating Supercapacitor Performance of Co3O4-g-C3N4 Nanocomposites Fabricated via the Hydrothermal Method
by Manesh A. Yewale, Vineet Kumar, Aviraj M. Teli, Sonali A. Beknalkar, Umesh T. Nakate and Dong-Kil Shin
Micromachines 2024, 15(3), 414; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15030414 - 20 Mar 2024
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2409
Abstract
The hydrothermal method has been utilized to synthesize graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) polymers and cobalt oxide composites effectively. The weight percentage of g-C3N4 nanoparticles influenced the electrochemical performance of the Co3O4-g-C3 [...] Read more.
The hydrothermal method has been utilized to synthesize graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) polymers and cobalt oxide composites effectively. The weight percentage of g-C3N4 nanoparticles influenced the electrochemical performance of the Co3O4-g-C3N4 composite. In an aqueous electrolyte, the Co3O4-g-C3N4 composite electrode, produced with 150 mg of g-C3N4 nanoparticles, revealed remarkable electrochemical performance. With an increase in the weight percentage of g-C3N4 nanoparticles, the capacitive contribution of the Co3O4-g-C3N4 composite electrode increased. The Co3O4-g-C3N4-150 mg composite electrode shows a specific capacitance of 198 F/g. The optimized electrode, activated carbon, and polyvinyl alcohol gel with potassium hydroxide were used to develop an asymmetric supercapacitor. At a current density of 5 mA/cm2, the asymmetric supercapacitor demonstrated exceptional energy storage capacity with remarkable energy density and power density. The device retained great capacity over 6k galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) cycles, with no rise in series resistance following cyclic stability. The columbic efficiency of the asymmetric supercapacitor was likewise high. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Supercapacitors for Energy Harvesting and Storage)
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Review

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32 pages, 10682 KiB  
Review
Recent Advancements in Co3O4-Based Composites for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
by Komal S. Wagh, Sagar M. Mane, Aviraj M. Teli, Jae Cheol Shin and Jaewoong Lee
Micromachines 2024, 15(12), 1450; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15121450 - 29 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1287
Abstract
The pursuit of efficient and economical catalysts for water splitting, a critical step in hydrogen production, has gained momentum with the increasing demand for sustainable energy. Among the various electrocatalysts developed to date, cobalt oxide (Co3O4) has emerged as [...] Read more.
The pursuit of efficient and economical catalysts for water splitting, a critical step in hydrogen production, has gained momentum with the increasing demand for sustainable energy. Among the various electrocatalysts developed to date, cobalt oxide (Co3O4) has emerged as a promising candidate owing to its availability, stability, and catalytic activity. However, intrinsic limitations, including low catalytic activity and poor electrical conductivity, often hinder its effectiveness in electrocatalytic water splitting. To overcome these challenges, substantial efforts have focused on enhancing the electrocatalytic performance of Co3O4 by synthesizing composites with conductive materials, transition metals, carbon-based nanomaterials, and metal–organic frameworks. This review explores the recent advancements in Co3O4-based composites for the oxygen evolution reaction and the hydrogen evolution reaction, emphasizing strategies such as nanostructuring, doping, hybridization, and surface modification to improve catalytic performance. Additionally, it examines the mechanisms driving the enhanced activity and stability of these composites while also discussing the future potential of Co3O4-based electrocatalysts for large-scale water-splitting applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Supercapacitors for Energy Harvesting and Storage)
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