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Micromachines
Special Issues
Electromagnetic Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: From Design to Applications
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Electromagnetic Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: From Design to Applications

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "E：Engineering and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 5449

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Meng Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Wuxi Campus, Southeast University, Wuxi 214127, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
Interests: metamaterials; metasurfaces; spoof surface plasmon polaritons; leaky-wave antennas; metamaterial antennas; array antennas
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jun Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: spoof surface plasmon polaritons; filter; leaky-wave Antenna; microwave device
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Haoran Zu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Interests: antenna; spoof surface plasmon polaritons; flexible microwave devices; transparent EM devices
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electromagnetic metamaterials and metasurfaces have revolutionized electromagnetic wave manipulation, enabling unprecedented control over amplitude, phase, reflection, refraction, polarization, and other characteristics. These artificial structures, with tailored subwavelength designs, find applications in antennas, cloaking devices, sensors, and wireless communication systems. Recent advancements encompass novel physical phenomena, new material properties, functional device innovations, and system integration across microwave to optical regimes.

This Special Issue invites research papers, short communications, and reviews on:

  • Novel physical phenomena and their mechanistic elucidation.
  • Metamaterial functional devices with improved performance metrics, including but not limited to antennas, filters, amplifiers, etc.
  • Applications in communications, radar, sensing, energy harvesting, and related fields.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Meng Wang
Dr. Jun Wang
Dr. Haoran Zu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microwave metamaterials/metasurfaces
  • multifunctional metamaterials/metasurfaces
  • reconfigurable intelligence metasurfaces (RISs)
  • topological metamaterials/metasurfaces
  • terahertz metamaterials/metasurfaces
  • optical metamaterials/metasurfaces
  • spoof surface plasmon polaritons

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 6186 KB  
Article
A 2–6 GHz Ultra-Wideband Shared-Aperture Antenna Array for 5G Multi-Band Base Station
by Lingang Yang, Junkai He, Yuqing Gao, Yue Wang and Jun Wang
Micromachines 2026, 17(4), 485; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17040485 - 16 Apr 2026
Viewed by 508
Abstract
This paper proposes a non-overlapping planar cross-arranged ultra-wideband shared-aperture base station antenna array targeting the 2 to 6 GHz application bandwidth. The low-frequency module (double-layer parasitic coupling) and the high-frequency module (chamfered slotted patch) are independently designed, and metal baffles are introduced around [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a non-overlapping planar cross-arranged ultra-wideband shared-aperture base station antenna array targeting the 2 to 6 GHz application bandwidth. The low-frequency module (double-layer parasitic coupling) and the high-frequency module (chamfered slotted patch) are independently designed, and metal baffles are introduced around the antenna elements to reshape the boundary conditions and physically block the electromagnetic coupling paths. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the fabricated prototype successfully exceeds the targeted 2–6 GHz spectrum, achieving an actual continuous coverage from 1.84 to 6.3 GHz. Specifically, the antenna achieves a gain higher than 5.9 dBi in the measured low-frequency band (1.84–3.72 GHz) and higher than 6.1 dBi in the high-frequency band (3.63–6.3 GHz), with a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) below 2 across the entire band. The metal baffles successfully correct the high-frequency radiation pattern distortion and ensure stable directional radiation over the full operating bandwidth. This design provides an efficient, robust, and manufacturable solution for 5G offshore wind power multi-band base station antennas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: From Design to Applications)
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15 pages, 5707 KB  
Article
Highly Sensitive Control Study of PD Archimedean Antenna Based on Rotating Unit Reflective Metasurface
by Lihao Luo, Junlin Gai, Dapeng Han, Minghan Ke, Haonan Zhang, Zhenhao Huang and Guozhi Zhang
Micromachines 2026, 17(3), 363; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17030363 - 17 Mar 2026
Viewed by 353
Abstract
Addressing the insufficient sensitivity of typical Archimedean spiral antennas for detecting partial discharge (PD) in electrical equipment, this paper proposes a high-sensitivity regulation technique for PD Archimedean antennas based on rotating unit-cell reflective metasurfaces. First, a finite element model of the ultra-high-frequency Archimedean [...] Read more.
Addressing the insufficient sensitivity of typical Archimedean spiral antennas for detecting partial discharge (PD) in electrical equipment, this paper proposes a high-sensitivity regulation technique for PD Archimedean antennas based on rotating unit-cell reflective metasurfaces. First, a finite element model of the ultra-high-frequency Archimedean antenna was constructed. Then, employing metasurface electromagnetic wave reflection technology and phase compensation principles, a rotating-unit reflective metasurface was designed to optimize its full-bandwidth gain. A multi-parameter joint optimization method was used to obtain the optimal data for the antenna and metasurface parameters. Finally, simulations and experimental analyses of the super-surface-controlled Archimedean antenna revealed the following: The gain of the Archimedean antenna controlled by the rotating-unit super-surface increases by up to 15.61 dB in the 0.3–1.5 GHz band, with an average full-band gain enhancement of 3.42 dB. During electrostatic discharge (ESD), the amplitude of UHF signals detected by the Archimedean antenna increases by approximately 88.9%, and the amplitude detection of UHF signals during GIS discharges increases by approximately 138.6–150%. These results demonstrate that the metasurface significantly enhances the antenna’s gain performance, providing a reference for highly sensitive control technologies in detecting discharges in electrical equipment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: From Design to Applications)
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15 pages, 7616 KB  
Article
Topology Design of Reconfigurable Intelligent Metasurfaces Based on Equivalent Circuit Model
by Juntao Xu, Chenyu Zhu, Yan Pan, Han Zhang, Chao Wu and Hongqiang Li
Micromachines 2026, 17(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17010041 - 29 Dec 2025
Viewed by 650
Abstract
Previous studies on reconfigurable intelligent metasurface (RIS) design have primarily relied on full-wave electromagnetic simulation software, which often incurs high computational costs and lacks clear design direction. The design of multi-bit RIS remains challenging and there is currently no suitable systematic method for [...] Read more.
Previous studies on reconfigurable intelligent metasurface (RIS) design have primarily relied on full-wave electromagnetic simulation software, which often incurs high computational costs and lacks clear design direction. The design of multi-bit RIS remains challenging and there is currently no suitable systematic method for selecting the corresponding tuning devices. To overcome these limitations, this article proposes a novel equivalent circuit-based approach to RIS design. In contrast to the conventional approach, where the equivalent circuit model is derived from post-design evaluation of the scattering properties of RIS, our work is entirely driven by the equivalent circuit model from the outset to accomplish the unit cell design. A complete workflow as well as details of each constituent step are presented for the topology design of RIS based on equivalent circuit topology. Building on this circuit topology, a 3-bit reflective phase reconfigurable unit cell is developed based on a tunable band-stop filter circuit. We conducted adjustable phase verification experiments and beam deflection experiments. The consistency between the experimental results and circuit theory demonstrates the feasibility and practicality of the equivalent circuit method of RIS design. This circuit-to-structure methodology provides a physically interpretable and systematic framework for designing RIS with arbitrary electromagnetic responses, offering new insights into RIS design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: From Design to Applications)
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10 pages, 3281 KB  
Article
Electromechanical Characteristics Analysis of Magnetic Shield on Superconducting Magnetic Levitation Train
by Mingyuan Hu, Lei Zhang, Ran Tao and Ping Wang
Micromachines 2025, 16(11), 1248; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16111248 - 31 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1004
Abstract
The guest room and aisle of electric high-speed maglev train must be shielded from leakage magnetic flux produced by superconducting strong magnetic field. To reduce magnetic leakage, the superconducting magnetic levitation system structure is obtained by extended lagrangian optimization method. The optimized superconducting [...] Read more.
The guest room and aisle of electric high-speed maglev train must be shielded from leakage magnetic flux produced by superconducting strong magnetic field. To reduce magnetic leakage, the superconducting magnetic levitation system structure is obtained by extended lagrangian optimization method. The optimized superconducting coil structure has the advantages of reducing magnetic leakage, improving magnetic field utilization, reducing the weight of the magnetic isolation plate and the weight of the maglev train, and enhancing the load-bearing capacity of the maglev train. Based on optimized superconducting coil parameters for high-speed maglev, the magnetic shielding effect at the aisle and the guest room, the magnetic flux density distribution at the magnetic shielding is calculated and analyzed through analytical calculation. The relevant conclusions indicate that the magnetic suspension structure has the advantages of reducing end coil leakage flux and the weight of the high-speed maglev train. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: From Design to Applications)
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9 pages, 5512 KB  
Article
Design of N-Way Power Divider Based on TE10 Mode Splitting Strategy
by Jianfeng Chen, Haidi Tang, Shengqi Zhang and Leijun Xu
Micromachines 2025, 16(9), 1033; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16091033 - 10 Sep 2025
Viewed by 912
Abstract
This paper presents a novel 1-to-N power division architecture combining overmoded TE10 mode waveguides and modular N-way waveguide-to-microstrip mode converters. By decomposing the TE10 mode field distribution along the narrow wall of a rectangular waveguide, the proposed design enables [...] Read more.
This paper presents a novel 1-to-N power division architecture combining overmoded TE10 mode waveguides and modular N-way waveguide-to-microstrip mode converters. By decomposing the TE10 mode field distribution along the narrow wall of a rectangular waveguide, the proposed design enables flexible power splitting into arbitrary output ports (even or odd numbers) through uniform sub-TE10-mode waveguide pathways. To achieve the above function using microwave transmission lines, a tapered transition structure ensures wideband excitation of the overmoded waveguide, while linearly tapered slot antennas (LTSAs) serve as N-way mode converters. Prototypes with two-, three-, and four-channel outputs demonstrate excellent amplitude-phase uniformity (≤0.5 dB amplitude imbalance and ≤5∘ phase deviation) across 6.5–12 GHz, with return loss <−10 dB. The modular 1-to-N power divider enables the rapid reconfiguration of output channels by simply replacing the mode converter module. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: From Design to Applications)
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11 pages, 8091 KB  
Article
Wireless Communication Using a Radiation-Type Metasurface
by Jun Chen Ke, Li Wang, Mingzhu Jiang and Qiang Wang
Micromachines 2025, 16(8), 924; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16080924 - 11 Aug 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1182
Abstract
The rapid development of metasurfaces offers new possibilities to establish novel wireless communication systems with simplified architectures. However, the current demonstration systems are based on the reflection-type metasurfaces, which suffer from high profiles and integration challenges in practice. Such configurations are also inefficient [...] Read more.
The rapid development of metasurfaces offers new possibilities to establish novel wireless communication systems with simplified architectures. However, the current demonstration systems are based on the reflection-type metasurfaces, which suffer from high profiles and integration challenges in practice. Such configurations are also inefficient for handling multiple subcarriers during beam scanning and beam tracking. To address these limitations, a radiation-type metasurface fed by a microstrip array antenna is proposed in this paper, which is used to construct a new-architecture wireless communication system. Compared to the reported metasurface-based communication systems, the proposed design is more flexible for information modulation and transmission, with the system profile significantly reduced. The phase modulation is implemented by changing the transmission phase of metasurface, allowing for baseband signals to be directly imparted to the carrier wave from the feeding source. A real-time signal transmission experiment validates the performance of the proposed metasurface-based communication system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: From Design to Applications)
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