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Metals
Special Issues
Recent Progress in Metal Extraction and Recycling
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Recent Progress in Metal Extraction and Recycling

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Extractive Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 2363

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Bo Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Interests: new low-carbon metallurgical technology; comprehensive utilization of solid waste resources; clean extraction of complex non-ferrous metal resources

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The demand for metals in low-carbon economy and high-tech industries has recently exploded. The development of clean, efficient, and convenient metal extraction methods and new technologies for high-value recycling of metal secondary resources will help to achieve a sustainable supply of metals and promote the rapid development of strategic emerging industries.

However, high-grade raw metal minerals are increasingly depleted. In the process of metal resources mining, selecting, smelting, and utilization, a large number of complex metal wastes are produced can easily cause serious environmental pollution. Typical metal wastes (such as non-ferrous metallurgical slag, spent lithium-ion batteries, electronic waste, electroplating sludge, anode mud, etc.) are often rich in gold, silver, nickel, copper, zinc, chromium, and other valuable metals, which are valuable secondary metal resources worthy of recycling.

This Special Issue aims to provide the readership of Metals with the most up-to-date research in Metal Extraction and Recycling to explore a promising route for metallurgy in environmental protection, technological innovation and economic feasibility.

We invite submissions of manuscripts to this Special Issue that address the listed topics.

Prof. Dr. Bo Li
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metal extraction
  • metal recycling
  • metal separation
  • comprehensive utilization
  • secondary metal resources
  • clean production process
  • waste control
  • technological new progress
  • molten slag
  • complex mineral

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3253 KiB  
Article
An Investigation on Li-Ion Battery Recycling via In Situ Alloying: Influence of Slag Composition on Li and F Evaporation
by Safoura Babanejad, Hesham Ahmed, Charlotte Andersson, Olga Rodríguez-Largo, Anton Andersson, Lorena Alcaraz and Félix A. López
Metals 2025, 15(2), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15020199 - 14 Feb 2025
Viewed by 544
Abstract
The amount of waste Li-Ion Batteries (LIBs) is significantly growing. Therefore, scholars and industries are exploring efficient ways to recover their valuable elements. Meanwhile, steel production generates Fe-rich slag, which is often sold for construction purposes without fully utilizing its potential metal content. [...] Read more.
The amount of waste Li-Ion Batteries (LIBs) is significantly growing. Therefore, scholars and industries are exploring efficient ways to recover their valuable elements. Meanwhile, steel production generates Fe-rich slag, which is often sold for construction purposes without fully utilizing its potential metal content. Reusing this slag in LIB recycling allows simultaneous recovery of valuable elements from both waste LIBs and steel slag. This study investigates the pyrometallurgical recycling of Black Mass (BM) from a mixture of spent LIBs in the presence of Fe-rich slag (set based on Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slag), with a focus on the evaporation of Li and F, the critical volatile elements in the BM, at 1500 °C. The effects of basicity (B2), MgO content, and flux amount on Li and F evaporation were studied using a central composite experimental design, showing that while the effects of MgO content and flux amount were insignificant, B2 had a linear effect on Li and a quadratic effect on F evaporation. Thermodynamic and viscosity calculations suggest that higher B2 improves ion mobility, facilitating the evaporation mechanism. However, for F, its dual role at different B2 levels leads to an evaporation trend different from that of Li. Keeping B2 within a midrange seems to balance Li evaporation efficiency while limiting F evaporation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Metal Extraction and Recycling)
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34 pages, 18653 KiB  
Article
Phase Transitions and Structural Evolution of Manganese Ores During High-Temperature Treatment
by Ruslan Z. Safarov, Yerlan A. Baikenov, Assemgul K. Zhandildenova, Eldar E. Kopishev, Ruslan M. Kamatov, Jumat B. Kargin, H. Sanchez Cornejo, Crispin H. W. Barnes and Luis De Los Santos Valladares
Metals 2025, 15(1), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15010089 - 18 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1350
Abstract
The aim of this research is to investigate the phase composition and structural peculiarities of complex metamorphic manganese ores from Central Kazakhstan before and after sintering in the temperature range of 600–1200 °C in an air atmosphere. X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron [...] Read more.
The aim of this research is to investigate the phase composition and structural peculiarities of complex metamorphic manganese ores from Central Kazakhstan before and after sintering in the temperature range of 600–1200 °C in an air atmosphere. X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and optical microscopy were used to analyze changes in elemental and phase composition. In their initial state, according to XRF analysis, the Bogach ore was manganese-rich, with a manganese content of 60.77 wt.%, while the Zhaksy ore contained manganese (44.88 wt.%), silicon (20.85 wt.%), and iron (6.14 wt.%) as its main components. In the Bogach ore samples, manganese content increased from 60.77% to 65.7% as the sintering temperature rose to 1100 °C, while the hausmannite phase (Mn3O4) emerged as the dominant phase, comprising 95.77% of the crystalline component at 1200 °C. Conversely, the Zhaksy ore samples displayed a sharp increase in braunite-phase (Mn7O12Si) content, reaching 83.81% at 1100 °C, alongside significant quartz amorphization. The degree of crystallinity in Bogach ore peaked at 56.2% at 900 °C but declined at higher temperatures due to amorphous phase formation. A surface morphology analysis revealed the transformation of dense, non-uniform particles into porous, granular structures with pronounced recrystallization as the temperature increased. In the Bogach samples, sintering at 900 °C resulted in elongated, needle-like crystalline formations, while at 1200 °C, tetragonal crystals of hausmannite dominated, indicating significant grain growth and recrystallization. For Zhaksy samples, sintering at 1100 °C led to a porous morphology with interconnected grains and microvoids, reflecting enhanced braunite crystallization and quartz amorphization. These findings provide quantitative insights into optimizing manganese oxide phases for industrial applications, such as catalysts and pigments, and emphasize the impact of thermal treatment on phase stability and structural properties. This research contributes to the development of efficient processing technologies for medium-grade manganese ores, aligning with Kazakhstan’s strategic goals in sustainable resource utilization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Metal Extraction and Recycling)
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