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Metals
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Embrittlement of High Strength Structural Steels
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Embrittlement of High Strength Structural Steels

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Failure Analysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 10903

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Shenhua Song

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
Interests: low-alloy steels; grain boundary segregation; grain boundary engineering; non-hardening embrittlement; hot ductility
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yu Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
Interests: grain boundary segregation; embrittling mechanism of structural metallic materials; additive manufacturing; welding and joining

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

High-strength steels (HSSs) have been widely used in engineering structures, especially in pressure vessels, offshore structures, building and bridge structures, etc. Application of HSS has the potential to reduce plate thickness in welded structures to reduce welding costs and to support higher external loads to realize more innovative structures. However, some manufacturing processes or service conditions, such as welding or irradiation, could result in the embrittlement of HSSs. Their embrittlement would severely affect their performance in engineering practice, and thus, embrittlement in HSS is always a hot topic in steel research. Embrittlement of a structural steel may be divided into non-hardening embrittlement and hardening embrittlement. Non-hardening embrittlement is usually caused by grain boundary segregation of impurity elements such as P, S, Sb, Sn, and As, considerably decreasing the toughness of the steel and shifting ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) to higher temperatures. Hardening embrittlement is induced by materials hardening, deteriorating the toughness of the steel. Embrittlement may take place at both low and high temperatures. At low temperatures, temper embrittlement, radiation-induced embrittlement, strain-hardening-induced embrittlement, and precipitation-hardening-induced embrittlement usually shift the DBTT to higher temperatures, which could cause engineering disasters during the course of service of steel components. At high temperatures, hot embrittlement or hot ductility deterioration may seriously influence the quality and productivity of continuous casting or hot working of steel. In addition, the coarse-grained heat-affected zone created in the welding of steel components is a weak area, and its embrittlement would be dangerous for the service of the components.

This Special Issue will focus on investigations into embrittlement in all types of high-strength structural steels, such as pressure vessel steels, boiler steels, and pipe steels. Manuscripts regarding the following areas in HSS will be considered in the Special Issue: grain boundary segregation; grain boundary precipitation; embrittlement under thermal conditions; embrittlement under irradiation conditions; combined hardening and non-hardening embrittlement; embrittlement of coarse-grained heat affected zones in welding; effect of impurities or grain boundary precipitation on hot ductility; and modeling or simulation of embrittlement.

Prof. Dr. Shenhua Song
Guest Editor
Dr. Yu Zhao
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • high-strength structural steels
  • brittleness
  • embrittlement
  • grain boundary segregation
  • intergranular embrittlement
  • hot ductility
  • heat-affected zones

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 4494 KiB  
Article
A Novel Reticular Retained Austenite on the Weld Fusion Line of Low Carbon Martensitic Stainless Steel 06Cr13Ni4Mo and the Influence on the Mechanical Properties
by Fan Peng, Zhourong Feng, Yu Zhao and Jianzhou Long
Metals 2022, 12(3), 432; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12030432 - 1 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2174
Abstract
When performing fluorescent magnetic particle testing in steel welding-repaired zones, as traditional viewpoint usually ascribes magnetic particle indications to discontinuous welding defects such as cracks, incomplete fusion, etc., welding-repaired zones showing indications of these defects are always judged to be unqualified. In this [...] Read more.
When performing fluorescent magnetic particle testing in steel welding-repaired zones, as traditional viewpoint usually ascribes magnetic particle indications to discontinuous welding defects such as cracks, incomplete fusion, etc., welding-repaired zones showing indications of these defects are always judged to be unqualified. In this study, a novel reticular phase was identified on the weld fusion line of 06Cr13Ni4Mo. By selected area electron diffraction, it was proved to be an austenite. By roasting test, it was proved to be induced by the thermal effect of welding. Non-ferromagnetic reticular austenite reduces the overall magnetic permeability, leading to the presence of fluorescent magnetic particle indication. Though the mechanical properties of the welding repaired zone are changed by the reticular austenite with the yield strength, tensile strength, and microhardness decreasing to 571 MPa, 752 MPa, and 279, respectively, they still exceed the required values of standard specifications. 06Cr13Ni4Mo welding-repaired zones showing magnetic particle indications induced by reticular austenite are qualified and should be accepted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Embrittlement of High Strength Structural Steels)
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11 pages, 38310 KiB  
Article
Effect of Rolling Temperature on the Structural Refinement and Mechanical Properties of Dual-Phase Heterostructured Low-Carbon Steel
by Tao Xu, Zhiyi Pan, Bo Gao, Jiaxi Huang, Xuefei Chen, Yi Liu, Lirong Xiao and Hao Zhou
Metals 2022, 12(1), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010115 - 7 Jan 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2774
Abstract
Warm rolling at temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 500 °C was conducted on the dual-phase heterostructured low-carbon steel to investigate the effect of deformation temperature on the structural refinement and mechanical properties. Defying our intuition, the grain size and strength of the [...] Read more.
Warm rolling at temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 500 °C was conducted on the dual-phase heterostructured low-carbon steel to investigate the effect of deformation temperature on the structural refinement and mechanical properties. Defying our intuition, the grain size and strength of the rolled steels do not deteriorate with the increase in deformation temperature. Warm rolling at 300 °C produces a much finer lamellar structure and higher strength than steels rolled at both room temperature and elevated temperature. It is supposed that the enhanced interactions between carbon atoms and defects (interfaces and dislocations) at 300 °C promote dislocation accumulation and stabilize the nanostructure, thus helping with producing an extremely finer structure and higher strength than other temperatures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Embrittlement of High Strength Structural Steels)
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Review

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37 pages, 37148 KiB  
Review
Measurement Uncertainty and Representation of Tensile Mechanical Properties in Metals
by Tingdong Xu, Kai Wang and Shenhua Song
Metals 2021, 11(11), 1733; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111733 - 29 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5265
Abstract
The International Organization for Standardization Technical Committee for Metallic Materials—Tensile Testing stated in 2011 that temperature and strain rate variations would induce a change in the results of tensile tests, termed as the measurement uncertainty of tensile mechanical properties in metals. The uncertainty [...] Read more.
The International Organization for Standardization Technical Committee for Metallic Materials—Tensile Testing stated in 2011 that temperature and strain rate variations would induce a change in the results of tensile tests, termed as the measurement uncertainty of tensile mechanical properties in metals. The uncertainty means that the tensile testing results of a specimen at a temperature and strain rate are not the original mechanical properties possessed prior to the testing. Hence, since the time of Galileo the results of tensile testing have been incorrectly interpreted as the original mechanical properties of specimens, thereby forming a paradox. At the turn of the 21st century, the micro-theory of metallic elastic deformation was proposed, identifying that a change in microstructure at atomic level could occur during elastic deformation, leading to a change in the concentration of solute (impurity) at grain boundaries/around dislocations. The micro-theory has been used to explain the mechanism of the measurement uncertainty. Different tensile temperatures and strain rates correspond to different durations of elastic deformation during tensile testing, different concentrations of solute at grain boundaries/dislocations, and thus different mechanical properties. On this basis, a new technology system of tensile testing is suggested, i.e., a “mechanical property–tensile strain rate” curve at a given test temperature can be used to evaluate the original mechanical property. The higher the strain rate is, the closer the property on the curve is to the original property. Therefore, to determine the original mechanical property of the tested metal, a sufficiently high strain rate is required. The curve can also characterize the property variation of the tested metal in service with the service time. In addition, the property characterized by a point on the curve can represent the property of the tested metal when processing-deformed with the corresponding strain rate. As an example of the application of the new technology system, the property of high-entropy alloys is represented with a curve. The results show that the new technology system could change the conceptual framework and testing technology system of metallic mechanics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Embrittlement of High Strength Structural Steels)
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