Studies on Metal Leaching, Extraction and Recovery

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Extractive Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 April 2026 | Viewed by 621

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Earth Resources, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, Letná 1/9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia
Interests: recovery of critical metals from raw materials, with a focus on rare earths, lithium, cobalt, nickel, and copper; processing of unconventional earth resources metal; sampling procedure of e-waste; the application of microwave energy in hydrometallurgy
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Guest Editor
Institute of Materials, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9/A, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia
Interests: nanoparticles; polymer composites; silver; green synthesis; fiber composite

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The recovery of metals from secondary sources, especially electronic waste (e-waste), is becoming increasingly essential in supporting the goals of a circular economy. With the growing demand for rare earth elements (REEs) and critical raw materials used in the production of high-tech devices such as smartphones, batteries, and photovoltaic panels, innovative recycling technologies are needed to reduce environmental burdens while ensuring a sustainable supply of these materials. E-waste, which contains valuable metals like gold, silver, copper, cobalt, and lithium, represents a rapidly growing waste stream that poses significant environmental challenges but also offers a source of valuable raw materials for reuse.

Conventional pyrometallurgical methods for processing e-waste are limited by hazardous emissions and energy-intensive processes. As an alternative, hydrometallurgical techniques such as leaching and solvent extraction are gaining attention due to their ability to selectively recover metals with higher purity while minimizing environmental impacts. Recent advances in the use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have shown promise in improving the efficiency and sustainability of these processes. By studying the thermodynamics and kinetics of leaching, researchers can better understand the factors that influence metal recovery and optimize these processes for various types of e-waste.

The research in this area must focus on developing more environmentally friendly and cost-effective technologies for the recovery of metals, particularly from spent batteries, old smartphones, and other electronic devices. The sampling of materials, such as printed circuit boards and battery components, plays a crucial role in the successful recovery of valuable metals. This Special Issue aims to showcase original research that explores novel methods for the leaching, extraction, and recovery of metals while addressing sustainability, environmental impacts, and circular economy principles.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Martina Laubertova
Prof. Dr. Oksana Velgosova
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • solvent extraction
  • deep eutectic solvents
  • thermodynamic and kinetic of leaching
  • microwave-assisted leaching
  • raw materials
  • rare earth elements
  • circular economy
  • e-waste
  • photovoltaic panels
  • nanomaterials
  • metals recovery

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 6689 KB  
Article
Study of Selective Recovery of Lead- and Zinc-Based Products from Leachate After Alkaline Leaching of Copper Shaft Furnace Dust
by Michaela Ružičková, Martina Laubertová and Michal Marcin
Metals 2025, 15(12), 1362; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121362 - 11 Dec 2025
Viewed by 371
Abstract
A leachate from alkaline leaching of copper shaft furnace (CSF) dust as a hazardous waste was used in this study for performing a chemical precipitation experiment of lead, zinc, and copper. The precipitation processes for lead, zinc, and copper were theoretically optimized based [...] Read more.
A leachate from alkaline leaching of copper shaft furnace (CSF) dust as a hazardous waste was used in this study for performing a chemical precipitation experiment of lead, zinc, and copper. The precipitation processes for lead, zinc, and copper were theoretically optimized based on a thermodynamic study. To determine suitable operating conditions, metal phase stability, reaction mechanisms, and precipitation order were analyzed using the Hydra/Medusa and HSC Chemistry v.10 software packages. In the first experimental stage, treatment of the alkaline leachate resulted in the formation of insoluble lead sulfate (PbSO4), while zinc remained dissolved for subsequent recovery. In the second stage, the zinc-bearing solution was treated with Na2CO3, producing a mixed zinc precipitate consisting of Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2(s). This study determined that the optimal conditions for chemically precipitating lead as PbSO4 from alkaline leachate (pH 13.5) are the use of 1 mol/L H2SO4 at pH 3.09 and Eh 0.22 V at 25 °C, while optimal zinc precipitation from this solution (pH 3.02) is achieved with 2 mol/L Na2CO3 at pH 9.39 and Eh –0.14 V at 25 °C. A small amount of copper present in the solution co-precipitated and was identified as an impurity in the zinc product. The chemical composition of the resulting precipitates was confirmed by SEM–EDX analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Metal Leaching, Extraction and Recovery)
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