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Special Issue "Effect of Diet on Vitamin D Metabolism: Implications in Health and Disease"

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A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 August 2023 | Viewed by 7969

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Grover Paul Miller

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Guest Editor

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
Interests: dietary molecules and pollutants impacting human; health; metabolism and bioactivation of drugs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Gar Yee Koh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
Interests: vitamin d; diabetes; obesity; microbiome; colon cancer; resistant starch
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Carmen Reynolds

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Guest Editor

Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Interests: Vitamin D; Kidney Stone Diseases; Ion Transporters
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vitamin D is a lipid-soluble pre-hormone with a classic role in maintaining bone health. Recent interest in vitamin D is mostly focused on its benefits beyond its impact on bone, as suboptimal levels of vitamin D are linked to increased incidences of chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple forms of cancer, immune health, etc. Hence, optimal vitamin D levels could be beneficial for metabolic health. With the emerging evidence on the roles of vitamin D, strategies to optimize vitamin D homeostasis are highly desirable. This Special Issue aims to solicit original research papers, review articles, and meta-analyses that focus on topics that cover dietary strategies targeted toward vitamin D metabolism and their implications for health and chronic disease prevention (e.g., obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, chronic inflammatory diseases), in both preclinical and clinical phases. These dietary strategies may include but are not limited to:

Dietary patterns and whole foods approach.
Specific dietary components, nutrients, or phytochemicals.
Prebiotic, probiotic, postbiotic, and synbiotic approaches.

We hope that the information generated from this Special Issue will identify dietary strategies for the optimization of vitamin D status, which may serve as approaches to prevent and attenuate disease progression, and to elucidate the regulatory role of vitamin D in health and disease.

Dr. Grover Paul Miller
Dr. Gar Yee Koh
Dr. Carmen Reynolds
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metabolites is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

vitamin D
25-Hydroxyvitamin D
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D
calcitriol diet
calcium
chronic disease
inflammation
prebiotic

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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Open AccessArticle

Vitamin D and Bone Metabolism in Adult Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1

and

Metabolites 2023, 13(2), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020255 - 09 Feb 2023

Viewed by 893

Abstract

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic multisystemic autosomal dominant disorder determining reduced life expectancy due to higher risk of developing benign and malignant tumors. Low levels of vitamin D and reduced bone mineral density (BMD) have been reported in young patients with NF1. However, correlation between vitamin D and NF1 phenotype needs to be elucidated. Aim of this study was to assess vitamin D levels and bone metabolism in NF1 patients, analyzing potential correlations with clinical phenotype. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a monocentric series of NF1 patients, evaluating genotype, clinical phenotype, BMD, biochemical evaluation with focus on serum 25OH-vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium and phosphate levels. Correlations between clinical manifestations, neurofibromas, and vitamin D status have been studied in comparison with healthy controls. 31 NF1 adult patients were matched for sex, age and body mass index with 31 healthy controls. A significantly difference in vitamin D level emerged in NF1 patients compared to controls. Interestingly low vitamin D levels correlated with a more aggressive phenotype and with a bigger size of neurofibromas. These data underline that vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency may play a role in clinical severity of neurofibromas in patients with NF1, suggesting the need to check bone status and replace vitamin D in these patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Diet on Vitamin D Metabolism: Implications in Health and Disease)

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Graphical abstract

Open AccessArticle

Supplementation of Methyl-Donor Nutrients to a High-Fat, High-Sucrose Diet during Pregnancy and Lactation Normalizes Circulating 25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol Levels and Alleviates Inflammation in Offspring

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Metabolites 2022, 12(12), 1252; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121252 - 12 Dec 2022

Viewed by 688

Abstract

A Western-style diet that is high in fat and sucrose has been shown to alter DNA methylation and epigenetically modify genes related to health risk in offspring. Here, we investigated the effect of a methyl-donor nutrient (MS) supplemented to a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFS) diet during pregnancy and lactation on vitamin D (VD) status and inflammatory response in offspring. After mating, 10-week-old female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 10/group) were randomly assigned to one of the four dietary groups during pregnancy and lactation: (1) control diet (CON), (2) CON with MS (CON-MS), (3) HFS, and (4) HFS with MS (HFS-MS). Weanling offspring (three weeks old) were euthanized and sacrificed (n = 8–10/sex/group). The remaining offspring (n = 10/sex/group) were randomly assigned to either a CON or an HFS diet for 12 weeks and sacrificed at 15 weeks of age. Our results indicated that prenatal MS supplementation, but not postnatal diet, restored low vitamin D status and suppressed elevation of proinflammatory cytokine induced by maternal HFS in the offspring. Furthermore, both prenatal and postnatal diets modulated the abundance of Lactobacillus spp. and Bacteroides spp. in the offspring, a shift that was independent of vitamin D status. Collectively, our data support a role for MS in restoring the perturbation of VD status and normalizing maternal HFS-induced inflammation in the offspring. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the methylation status of VD metabolism-related pathways in the offspring, as well as the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D during the progression of obesity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Diet on Vitamin D Metabolism: Implications in Health and Disease)

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Open AccessArticle

Tissue-Wide Expression of Genes Related to Vitamin D Metabolism and FGF23 Signaling following Variable Phosphorus Intake in Pigs

Dagmar-Christiane Fischer

and

Klaus Wimmers

Metabolites 2022, 12(8), 729; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12080729 - 06 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1812

Abstract

Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) homeostasis is maintained by several regulators, including vitamin D and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and their tissue-specific activation and signaling cascades. In this study, the tissue-wide expression of key genes linked to vitamin D metabolism (CYP2R1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, GC, VDR) and FGF23 signaling (FGF23, FGFR1-4, KL) were investigated in pigs fed conventional (trial 1) and divergent P diets (trial 2). The tissue set comprised kidney, liver, bone, lung, aorta, and gastrointestinal tract sections. Expression patterns revealed that non-renal tissues and cells (NRTC) express genes to form active vitamin D [1,25(OH)₂D₃] according to site-specific requirements. A low P diet resulted in higher serum calcitriol and increased CYP24A1 expression in the small intestine, indicating local suppression of vitamin D signaling. A high P diet prompted increased mRNA abundances of CYP27B1 for local vitamin D synthesis, specifically in bone. For FGF23 signaling, analyses revealed ubiquitous expression of FGFR1-4, whereas KL was expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Dietary P supply did not affect skeletal FGF23; however, FGFR4 and KL showed increased expression in bone at high P supply, suggesting regulation to balance mineralization. Specific NRTC responses influence vitamin D metabolism and P homeostasis, which should be considered for a thrifty but healthy P supply. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Diet on Vitamin D Metabolism: Implications in Health and Disease)

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Review

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Open AccessReview

The Effect of a Gluten-Free Diet on Vitamin D Metabolism in Celiac Disease: The State of the Art

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Metabolites 2023, 13(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010074 - 02 Jan 2023

Viewed by 925

Abstract

Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder involving the small intestine, characterized by villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes. Due to both calcium malabsorption and immune activation, a high prevalence of bone mass derangement is evident in this condition, regardless of the presence of overt malabsorption. Alterations of mineral metabolism are also frequently described, and in this review, the modifications of serum levels of vitamin D are analyzed, according to the available literature on this topic. In untreated patients, secondary hyperparathyroidism is responsible for the hyperconversion of 25-vitamin D into 1,25-vitamin D making mandatory the determination of serum levels of both vitamin metabolites to avoid a wrong diagnosis of vitamin D deficit. A gluten-free diet allows for a normalization of bone and mineral metabolism, reverting these abnormalities and raising some doubts on the need for vitamin supplementation in all the patients. Data available do not support this wide indication, and a complete evaluation of bone and mineral metabolism should be performed to select patients who need this therapeutic approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Diet on Vitamin D Metabolism: Implications in Health and Disease)

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Open AccessReview

Ketogenic Diet and Vitamin D Metabolism: A Review of Evidence

Paraskevi Detopoulou

Sousana K. Papadopoulou

and

George I. Panoutsopoulos

Metabolites 2022, 12(12), 1288; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121288 - 19 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2963

Abstract

The ketogenic diet (KD), which is low in carbohydrates and high to normal in fat and protein, has been traditionally used in epilepsy for the last 100 years. More recently, its application in obesity has been introduced. The present review aimed to investigate the effects of the KD on vitamin D. In total, five studies were done in healthy adults, one in subjects with type 2 diabetes, and seven in subjects with epilepsy that assessed the levels of vitamin D pre- and post-intervention. In the majority of studies, increases in circulating vitamin D were reported. The relationship of the KD with vitamin D was explained through several mechanisms: ketone bodies, macronutrient intake, the status levels of other fat-soluble vitamins, weight loss, changes in the hormonal milieu, and effects on gut microbiota. Moreover, potential nutrient–gene-related interactions were discussed. There is still a need to conduct multiple arm studies to compare the effects of the KD versus other diets and better decipher the particular effects of the KD on vitamin D levels and metabolism. Moreover, differentiations of the diet’s effects according to sex and genetic makeup should be investigated to prescribe KDs on a more personalized basis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Diet on Vitamin D Metabolism: Implications in Health and Disease)

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