Supplementation of Methyl-Donor Nutrients to a High-Fat, High-Sucrose Diet during Pregnancy and Lactation Normalizes Circulating 25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol Levels and Alleviates Inflammation in Offspring
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animal Design
2.2. Analysis of Serum 25D Concentrations
2.3. Analysis of Proinflammatory Cytokines
2.4. RNA Extraction and Real-Time PCR Analysis
2.5. Microbiome Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. MS Supplementation during Pregnancy and Lactation Restores Perturbation of Vitamin D Status in Adult Offspring Induced by Maternal HFS Diet
3.2. MS Supplementation during Pregnancy and Lactation Attenuates Maternal HFS-Induced Inflammation in Adult Pups
3.3. Maternal Diets Differentially Altered Colonic Vitamin D Signaling in Pups at Weaning and Adulthood
3.4. Prenatal and Postnatal Diets Together Modulate the Abundance of Bacteroides spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in Adult Pups
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Weanling Pups (3-Weeks-Old) | ||
---|---|---|
mRNA species | Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) with colonic VDR | p-value |
Il1β | 0.265 | 0.07 |
Il6 | 0.405 | <0.01 |
Tlr4 | 0.273 | 0.06 |
Adult Pups (15-Weeks-Old) | ||
mRNA species | Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) with colonic VDR | p-value |
Il1β | 0.323 | <0.01 |
Il6 | 0.294 | <0.01 |
Tlr4 | 0.419 | <0.01 |
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Teoh, C.M.; Cooper, A.; Renteria, K.M.; Lane, M.; Zhu, J.; Koh, G.Y. Supplementation of Methyl-Donor Nutrients to a High-Fat, High-Sucrose Diet during Pregnancy and Lactation Normalizes Circulating 25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol Levels and Alleviates Inflammation in Offspring. Metabolites 2022, 12, 1252. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121252
Teoh CM, Cooper A, Renteria KM, Lane M, Zhu J, Koh GY. Supplementation of Methyl-Donor Nutrients to a High-Fat, High-Sucrose Diet during Pregnancy and Lactation Normalizes Circulating 25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol Levels and Alleviates Inflammation in Offspring. Metabolites. 2022; 12(12):1252. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121252
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeoh, Chin May, Analynn Cooper, Karisa M. Renteria, Michelle Lane, Jie Zhu, and Gar Yee Koh. 2022. "Supplementation of Methyl-Donor Nutrients to a High-Fat, High-Sucrose Diet during Pregnancy and Lactation Normalizes Circulating 25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol Levels and Alleviates Inflammation in Offspring" Metabolites 12, no. 12: 1252. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121252