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Membranes
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Advanced Membrane Processes in Water Treatment
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Advanced Membrane Processes in Water Treatment

A special issue of Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This special issue belongs to the section "Membrane Processing and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 22250

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Patrick Loulergue

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226, Université de Rennes 1, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France
Interests: membrane filtration; membrane distillation; membrane synthesis; biopolymers; sustainable processes
Prof. Dr. Anthony Szymczyk

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226, Université de Rennes 1, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France
Interests: polymer membranes; liquid separation; transport modeling and simulation; membrane characterization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Membrane processes are nowadays considered as the state-of-the-art processes for drinking water production and are also well-established for (industrial) wastewater treatment. Thus, membrane processes are known to allow the production of permeate streams of constant quality, to be compact, modular and cost-effective compared to traditional separation technologies. However, some scientific and technological progresses are still needed to further enhance their sustainability.

This Special Issue on “Membrane Processes in Water Treatment” of the journal Membranes seeks contributions to assess the state-of-the-art and future developments in the field of membrane processes for water treatment. Topics include, but are not limited to, pressure/ osmotically/thermally-driven membrane processes for freshwater and process water production as well as wastewater treatment. Novel membrane materials and applications (including hybrid processes) as well as industrial case studies are also considered. Authors are invited to submit their latest results; both original papers and reviews are welcome.

Dr. Patrick Loulergue
Prof. Dr. Anthony Szymczyk
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Membranes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Drinking water
  • Process water
  • Wastewater
  • Membrane processes

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2071 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Different Operation Conditions on the Treatment of Mariculture Wastewater by the Combined System of Anoxic Filter and Membrane Bioreactor
by Yi Ding, Zhansheng Guo, Binyu Ma, Fang Wang, Hong You, Junxue Mei, Xuguang Hou, Zhenlin Liang, Zhipeng Li and Chao Jin
Membranes 2021, 11(10), 729; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11100729 - 24 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1846
Abstract
The mariculture wastewater treatment performance for the combined system of anoxic filter and membrane bioreactor (AF-MBR) was investigated under different hydraulic retention times (HRTs), influent alkalinity, and influent ammonia nitrogen load. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of TOC and total nitrogen [...] Read more.
The mariculture wastewater treatment performance for the combined system of anoxic filter and membrane bioreactor (AF-MBR) was investigated under different hydraulic retention times (HRTs), influent alkalinity, and influent ammonia nitrogen load. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of TOC and total nitrogen were slightly better at the HRT of 8 h than at other HRTs, and the phosphate removal efficiency decreased with the increase of HRT. With the increase of influent alkalinity, the removal of TOC and phosphate did not change significantly. With the increase of influent alkalinity from 300 mg/L to 500 mg/L, the total nitrogen removal efficiency of AF-MBR was improved, but the change of the removal efficiency was not obvious when the alkalinity increased from 500 mg/L to 600 mg/L. When the influent concentration of ammonia nitrogen varied from 20 mg/L to 50 mg/L, the removal efficiencies of TOC, phosphate, and total nitrogen by AF-MBR were stable. An interesting finding was that in all the different operation conditions examined, the treatment efficiency of AF-MBR was always better than that of the control MBR. The concentrations of NO3−-N in AF-MBR were relatively low, whereas NO3−-N accumulated in the control MBR. The reason was that the microorganisms attached to the carrier and remained fixed in the aerobic and anoxic spaces, so that there was a gradual enrichment of bacteria characterized by slow growth in a high-salt environment. In addition, the microorganisms could gather and grow on the carrier forming a biofilm with higher activity, a richer and more stable population, and enhanced ability to resist a load impact. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Membrane Processes in Water Treatment)
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22 pages, 5307 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study of a Heat Pump for Simultaneous Cooling and Desalination by Membrane Distillation
by Ahmadou Tidiane Diaby, Paul Byrne, Patrick Loulergue, Ousmane Sow and Thierry Maré
Membranes 2021, 11(10), 725; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11100725 - 23 Sep 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2513
Abstract
Heat pump systems can simultaneously produce cooling energy for space cooling in hotels, office and residential buildings and heat for desalination using membrane distillation (MD). The MD technique uses a heat input at a temperature compatible with the levels of heat pump condensers [...] Read more.
Heat pump systems can simultaneously produce cooling energy for space cooling in hotels, office and residential buildings and heat for desalination using membrane distillation (MD). The MD technique uses a heat input at a temperature compatible with the levels of heat pump condensers (<60 °C). A heat pump prototype coupled with an air-gap membrane distillation unit was constructed and tested. This paper presents the experimental study on a lab-scale prototype and details the two operating modes “continuous” and “controlled” simulating an air conditioning system and a food storage, respectively. The experimental results enable to analyze the performance of the prototype and the physical phenomena involved. Finally, the study shows that this system could be a promising solution to help supplying freshwater to people in hot regions of the world. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Membrane Processes in Water Treatment)
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16 pages, 3163 KiB  
Article
Preparation and Characterization of MWCNTs/PVDF Conductive Membrane with Cross-Linked Polymer PVA and Study on Its Anti-Fouling Performance
by Yi Ding, Zhansheng Guo, Xinan Dong, Hong You, Junxue Mei, Xuguang Hou, Zhenlin Liang and Zhipeng Li
Membranes 2021, 11(9), 703; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11090703 - 14 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2664
Abstract
Based on carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH), a MWCNTs/PVDF conductive membrane was prepared by a vacuum filtration cross-linking method. The surface compositions and morphology of conductive membranes were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The effects [...] Read more.
Based on carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH), a MWCNTs/PVDF conductive membrane was prepared by a vacuum filtration cross-linking method. The surface compositions and morphology of conductive membranes were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The effects of cross-linked polymeric polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the conductive membrane properties such as the porosity, pore size distribution, pure water flux, conductivity, hydrophilicity, stability and antifouling properties were investigated. Results showed that the addition of PVA to the MWCNTs/PVDF conductive membrane decreased the pure water flux, porosity and the conductivity. However, the hydrophilicity of the modified MWCNTs/PVDF conductive membrane was greatly improved, and the contact angle of pure water was reduced from 70.18° to 25.48° with the addition of PVA contents from 0 wt% to 0.05 wt%. Meanwhile, the conductive membranes with higher content had a relatively higher stability. It was found that the conductive functional layer of the conductive membrane had an average mass loss rate of 1.22% in the 30 min ultrasonic oscillation experiment. The tensile intensity and break elongation ratio of the conductive membrane are improved by the addition of PVA, and the durability of the conductive membrane with PVA was superior to that without PVA added. The electric assisted anti-fouling experiments of modified conductive membrane indicated that compared with the condition without electric field, the average flux attenuation of the conductive membrane was reduced by 11.2%, and the membrane flux recovery rate reached 97.05%. Moreover, the addition of PVA could accelerate the clean of the conductive membranes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Membrane Processes in Water Treatment)
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11 pages, 1704 KiB  
Article
Combined Nanofiltration and Thermocatalysis for the Simultaneous Degradation of Micropollutants, Fouling Mitigation and Water Purification
by Katarzyna Janowska, Xianzheng Ma, Vittorio Boffa, Mads Koustrup Jørgensen and Victor M. Candelario
Membranes 2021, 11(8), 639; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080639 - 19 Aug 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2642
Abstract
Due to progressive limitation of access to clean drinkable water, it is nowadays a priority to find an effective method of water purification from those emerging organic contaminants, which might have potentially harmful and irreversible effects on living organisms and environment. This manuscript [...] Read more.
Due to progressive limitation of access to clean drinkable water, it is nowadays a priority to find an effective method of water purification from those emerging organic contaminants, which might have potentially harmful and irreversible effects on living organisms and environment. This manuscript reports the development of a new strategy for water purification, which combines a novel and recently developed Al2O3-doped silica nanofiltration membrane with a thermocatalytic perovskite, namely cerium-doped strontium ferrate (CSF). The thermocatalytic activity of CSF offers the opportunity to degrade organic pollutants with no light and without input of chemical oxidants, providing simplicity of operation. Moreover, our studies on real samples of secondary effluent from wastewater treatment showed that the thermocatalyst has the ability to degrade also part of the non-toxic organic matter, which allows for reducing the chemical oxygen demand of the retentate and mitigating membrane fouling during filtration. Therefore, the new technology is effective in the production of clean feed and permeate and has a potential to be used in degradation of micropollutants in water treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Membrane Processes in Water Treatment)
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17 pages, 5700 KiB  
Article
Tanning Wastewater Treatment by Ultrafiltration: Process Efficiency and Fouling Behavior
by Fu Yang, Zhengkun Huang, Jun Huang, Chongde Wu, Rongqing Zhou and Yao Jin
Membranes 2021, 11(7), 461; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11070461 - 22 Jun 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2600
Abstract
Ultrafiltration is a promising, environment-friendly alternative to the current physicochemical-based tannery wastewater treatment. In this work, ultrafiltration was employed to treat the tanning wastewater as an upstream process of the Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system in the leather industry. The filtration efficiency and [...] Read more.
Ultrafiltration is a promising, environment-friendly alternative to the current physicochemical-based tannery wastewater treatment. In this work, ultrafiltration was employed to treat the tanning wastewater as an upstream process of the Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system in the leather industry. The filtration efficiency and fouling behaviors were analyzed to assess the impact of membrane material and operating conditions (shear rate on the membrane surface and transmembrane pressure). The models of resistance-in-series, fouling propensity, and pore blocking were used to provide a comprehensive analysis of such a process. The results show that the process efficiency is strongly dependent on the operating conditions, while the membranes of either PES or PVDF showed similar filtration performance and fouling behavior. Reversible resistance was the main obstacle for such process. Cake formation was the main pore blocking mechanism during such process, which was independent on the operating conditions and membrane materials. The increase in shear rate significantly increased the steady-state permeation flux, thus, the filtration efficiency was improved, which resulted from both the reduction in reversible resistance and the slow-down of fouling layer accumulate rate. This is the first time that the fouling behaviors of tanning wastewater ultrafiltration were comprehensively evaluated, thus providing crucial guidance for further scientific investigation and industrial application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Membrane Processes in Water Treatment)
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10 pages, 2044 KiB  
Article
Investigation into the Novel Microalgae Membrane Bioreactor with Internal Circulating Fluidized Bed for Marine Aquaculture Wastewater Treatment
by Yi Ding, Zhansheng Guo, Junxue Mei, Zhenlin Liang, Zhipeng Li and Xuguang Hou
Membranes 2020, 10(11), 353; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10110353 - 18 Nov 2020
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3856
Abstract
A microalgae membrane bioreactor (MMBR) with internal circulating fluidized bed (ICFB) was constructed at room temperature to study the removal efficiency of marine aquaculture wastewater pollutants and continuously monitor the biomass of microalgae. Within 40 days of operation, the removal efficiency of NO [...] Read more.
A microalgae membrane bioreactor (MMBR) with internal circulating fluidized bed (ICFB) was constructed at room temperature to study the removal efficiency of marine aquaculture wastewater pollutants and continuously monitor the biomass of microalgae. Within 40 days of operation, the removal efficiency of NO3−–N and NH4+–N in the ICFB-MMBR reached 52% and 85%, respectively, and the removal amount of total nitrogen (TN) reached 16.2 mg/(L·d). In addition, the reactor demonstrated a strong phosphorus removal capacity. The removal efficiency of PO43−–P reached 80%. With the strengthening of internal circulation, the microalgae could be distributed evenly and enriched quickly. The maximum growth rate and biomass concentration reached 60 mg/(L·d) and 1.4 g/L, respectively. The harvesting of microalgae did not significantly affect the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of ICFB-MMBR. The membrane fouling of the reactor was investigated by monitoring transmembrane pressure difference (TMP). Overall, the membrane fouling cycle of ICFB-MMBR system was more than 40 days. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Membrane Processes in Water Treatment)
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Review

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21 pages, 3230 KiB  
Review
Membrane-Based Harvesting Processes for Microalgae and Their Valuable-Related Molecules: A Review
by Roberto Castro-Muñoz and Octavio García-Depraect
Membranes 2021, 11(8), 585; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080585 - 30 Jul 2021
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 4820
Abstract
The interest in microalgae production deals with its role as the third generation of feedstock to recover renewable energy. Today, there is a need to analyze the ultimate research and advances in recovering the microalgae biomass from the culture medium. Therefore, this review [...] Read more.
The interest in microalgae production deals with its role as the third generation of feedstock to recover renewable energy. Today, there is a need to analyze the ultimate research and advances in recovering the microalgae biomass from the culture medium. Therefore, this review brings the current research developments (over the last three years) in the field of harvesting microalgae using membrane-based technologies (including microfiltration, ultrafiltration and forward osmosis). Initially, the principles of membrane technologies are given to outline the main parameters influencing their operation. The main strategies adopted by the research community for the harvesting of microalgae using membranes are subsequently addressed, paying particular attention to the novel achievements made for improving filtration performance and alleviating fouling. Moreover, this contribution also gives an overview of the advantages of applying membrane technologies for the efficient extraction of the high added-value compounds in microalgae cells, such as lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, which together with the production of renewable biofuels could boost the development of more sustainable and cost-effective microalgae biorefineries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Membrane Processes in Water Treatment)
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