Advances in Reverse Osmosis Membrane Research Through Computer Simulation

A special issue of Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This special issue belongs to the section "Membrane Applications for Water Treatment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 1369

Special Issue Editors

Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA
Interests: molecular dynamics

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
Interests: membrane; nanocellulose; nanofibers; water purication

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are critical for addressing global water scarcity, serving as a cornerstone technology for desalination and purification. Despite significant advancements, challenges persist, including membrane fouling, high energy consumption, trade-offs in selectivity–permeability, and unclear structure–property relationships. The integration of advanced computational methods—particularly molecular dynamics simulations, machine learning technologies, and multi-scale modeling approaches—with experimental validation offers exciting pathways to overcome these limitations and accelerate the development of next-generation RO membranes.

This Special Issue will showcase cutting-edge computational research in RO membrane science and engineering, emphasizing how simulation-driven approaches are revolutionizing our understanding of membrane design and performance. We invite original research and comprehensive reviews that demonstrate the power of computational methods in unveiling formation mechanisms, predicting membrane behaviors, optimizing material properties, and guiding experimental syntheses. This collection aims to establish computational modeling as an indispensable tool for developing more sustainable and efficient water treatment solutions.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. Molecular-Scale Simulations and Modeling: Molecular dynamics simulations of interfacial polymerization, water transport, salt rejection, and fouling–antifouling interactions; quantum mechanical calculations for membrane–water–pollutant interactions; and coarse-grained modeling for polymer membrane structures.
  2. Machine Learning and AI-Driven Membrane Design: Predictive models for membrane performance, and automated discovery of novel membrane structures and properties.
  3. Multi-Scale Computational Frameworks: Integration of molecular simulations with continuum models, computational fluid dynamics for membrane module design, and bridging atomistic insights with macroscopic performance metrics.

Dr. Size Zheng
Prof. Dr. Hongyang Ma
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • reverse osmosis membrane
  • molecular dynamics
  • machine learning
  • computational fluid dynamics
  • interfacial polymerization
  • crosslinking
  • structure–property relationship
  • water treatment

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 3582 KB  
Article
High Desalination Performance of Polyamide Composite Reverse Osmosis Membranes Based on Integrated Diamine Monomers
by Caiyun Liu, Chen Chen, Wencai Zhang, Hongyang Ma, Shyam Venkateswaran and Benjamin S. Hsiao
Membranes 2026, 16(5), 163; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes16050163 - 30 Apr 2026
Viewed by 485
Abstract
Polyamide thin-film composite reverse osmosis membranes were fabricated through interfacial polymerization (IP), wherein trimesoyl chloride (TMC) and isomeric diamine monomers including o-phenylenediamine (OPD), m-phenylenediamine (MPD), p-phenylenediamine (PPD), and methyl-substituted monomers such as 2,3-diaminotoluene (MOPD), 2,4-diaminotoluene (MMPD), 2,5-diaminotoluene (MPPD), and 2,6-diaminotoluene [...] Read more.
Polyamide thin-film composite reverse osmosis membranes were fabricated through interfacial polymerization (IP), wherein trimesoyl chloride (TMC) and isomeric diamine monomers including o-phenylenediamine (OPD), m-phenylenediamine (MPD), p-phenylenediamine (PPD), and methyl-substituted monomers such as 2,3-diaminotoluene (MOPD), 2,4-diaminotoluene (MMPD), 2,5-diaminotoluene (MPPD), and 2,6-diaminotoluene (2,6-MMPD) were employed. The membranes with high permeation flux and rejection ratio were eventually applied in the desalination of brackish water. The regional effects of the amino and methyl substituent on the desalination performance of the RO membranes in terms of permeation flux and rejection ratio were investigated extensively. A molecular dynamics simulation based on the configuration of monomers was performed to theoretically explore the effects of amino and methyl groups of the monomer on the packing density of the aromatic molecular structure and, consequently, on the desalination performance of the corresponding RO membranes. The RO membranes with integrated monomers exhibited two times higher permeation flux than that of a pristine RO membrane while remaining the high rejection ratio. Moreover, a long-term desalination performance of the RO membrane was also demonstrated, where two times higher permeation flux than that of conventional and commercial RO membranes was achieved, while the rejection ratio was maintained at 97.6% which was comparable with that of the commercial RO membranes. Full article
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22 pages, 8563 KB  
Article
Computer Simulation-Guided Rational Design of Sulfadiazine-Imprinted Polymers for High-Efficiency Adsorption of Antibiotics in Complex Aquatic Matrices
by Mengfan Xu, Yanhong Wang, Mingfen Niu, Qiang Zhou and Wang Yang
Membranes 2026, 16(4), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes16040118 - 28 Mar 2026
Viewed by 478
Abstract
To address the limited selectivity of conventional membrane materials toward sulfonamide antibiotics, this study employed a DFT calculation approach to optimize the design of a molecularly imprinted system for sulfadiazine (SDZ). A hierarchical set of template molecules—aniline (ANL), sulfanilamide (SNM), and SDZ—was introduced [...] Read more.
To address the limited selectivity of conventional membrane materials toward sulfonamide antibiotics, this study employed a DFT calculation approach to optimize the design of a molecularly imprinted system for sulfadiazine (SDZ). A hierarchical set of template molecules—aniline (ANL), sulfanilamide (SNM), and SDZ—was introduced to systematically elucidate structure-dependent template–monomer matching mechanisms in sulfonamide imprinting systems. Through rational screening, trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMAA) was identified as the optimal functional monomer, with an optimal imprinting molar ratio of 1:4 (SDZ to TFEMAA). Guided by the simulation results, SDZ molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized via precipitation polymerization and systematically characterized for their morphology and recognition properties. The MIPs exhibited a well-defined spherical morphology with abundant imprinted cavities, achieving adsorption equilibrium within 1.5 h. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating a chemisorption-dominated process. Scatchard analysis revealed the presence of both high- and low-affinity binding sites in the MIPs. Selectivity experiments, quantified by distribution coefficients (Kd) and selectivity coefficients (k), demonstrated a significantly higher adsorption capacity for SDZ than for structural analogs and non-analogs. In real water samples, the MIPs outperformed conventional HLB sorbents and showed strong anti-interference capability (RSD < 3%). This work provides a material foundation for developing highly selective SDZ-imprinted membranes and advances the application of molecular imprinting technology in membrane separation systems. Full article
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