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Medicina
Special Issues
Recent Advances in Exercise Rehabilitation
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Recent Advances in Exercise Rehabilitation

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Medicine and Sports Traumatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 July 2021) | Viewed by 18452

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Yongseok Jee

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Guest Editor
Department of Leisure Marine Sports and Research Institute of Sports Industry Science, Hanseo University, 46 Hanseo 1-ro, Haemi-myeon, Seosan 31962, Korea
Interests: exercise and immunology; exercise physiology; exercise rehabilitation; musculoskeletal rehabilitation before and after surgery; low back pain
Prof. Chang-Ju Kim

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Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
Interests: exercise and neurogenesis; exercise and apoptosis; exercise and signaling
Prof. Jaehyun Yoo

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Guest Editor
Department of Health & Human performance, Major of Health & Exercise Science, Rm #. 307, Ezra Building, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
Interests: obesity; hypertension; intellectual disability; exercise prescription; physical fitness; health behavior; health promotion

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Everyone wants to live a healthy life. The importance of maintaining our health when we are healthy is common knowledge, but the ease in which we lose our health for various reasons is, unfortunately, far too common. When health is lost or compromised, exercise becomes an essential element to regain it. This process is called exercise rehabilitation. When health deteriorates, whether due to genetic predispositions, metabolism, or inactivity, exercise rehabilitation aims to bring an individual back to a healthy state that is absent of disease. Using evidence-based findings from exercise science, specialized exercise programs are developed for effective rehabilitation from a wide range of physical and psychological conditions including musculoskeletal injury, chronic pain, traumatic brain injury, cancer, depression, anxiety, etc. The management of health is achieved through a multidisciplinary approach by doctors, nurses, psychologists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, exercise therapists, fitness providers, and social workers. In other words, the advancement in exercise rehabilitation increases exponentially when experts from various fields jointly study the complex processes. The purpose of this Special Issue is to share valuable knowledge and the most recent developments regarding exercise rehabilitation. We hope that experts from diverse fields will participate and work together in advancing this important area of health sciences. We look forward to your valuable articles on the subject of “Recent Advances in Exercise Rehabilitation”.

Prof. Yongseok Jee
Prof. Chang-Ju Kim
Prof. Jaehyun Yoo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Health
  • Exercise
  • Physical activity
  • Sports injury
  • Neurological conditions
  • Neurogenesis
  • Exercise and apoptosis
  • Exercise and signaling
  • Musculoskeletal injury
  • Chronic pain or fatigue
  • Metabolic conditions
  • Depression
  • Anxiety

Published Papers (6 papers)

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16 pages, 1011 KiB  
Article
Differential Effects of Resistance- and Endurance-Based Exercise Programs on Muscular Fitness, Body Composition, and Cardiovascular Variables in Young Adult Women: Contextualizing the Efficacy of Self-Selected Exercise Modalities
by Sime Versic, Kemal Idrizovic, Gentiana Beqa Ahmeti, Damir Sekulic and Matej Majeric
Medicina 2021, 57(7), 654; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57070654 - 25 Jun 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2791
Abstract
There is an evident lack of research simultaneously investigating endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT) with regard to their potential influence on fitness and health status in young women. This study aimed to determine the effects of RT and ET three times [...] Read more.
There is an evident lack of research simultaneously investigating endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT) with regard to their potential influence on fitness and health status in young women. This study aimed to determine the effects of RT and ET three times a week over an eight-week period on anthropometric/body composition indices, blood pressure (BP), and muscular fitness in apparently healthy young women who participated in a self-preferred program. The sample of participants comprised 57 young healthy women (23.9 ± 3.08 years, 165.5 ± 5.8 cm, 66.8 ± 7.2 kg) divided into ET (n = 18), RT (n = 19), and non-exercising (C) (n = 20) groups. The variables consisted of anthropometric/body composition indices (body mass, BMI, body fat, and lean body mass), muscular fitness variables (lower body strength, upper body strength, abdominal strength, dynamometric force, and flexibility), and cardiovascular parameters (resting heart rate and systolic and diastolic BP). A pre- and post-testing design, with factorial analysis of variance for repeated measurements (ANOVA: Group × Measurement), including a consecutive post hoc test, was applied. The ANOVA indicated a similar improvement in body composition (increase in lean body mass and decrease in body fat percentage), resting heart rate, and flexibility in both of the exercise groups, with no significant changes in the C group. RT improved the participants’ strength and force capacities to a greater extent than ET. BP showed a trend of improvement in both of the training groups, but without statistically significant pre- to post-changes. Correlation analysis calculated with variables of pre- to post-differences (VDs) indicated poor associations between VDs, indicating relative independence of the obtained effects for the different variables in each training group. Although this investigation comprised apparently healthy young women, numerous positive changes indicated the efficacy of both programs in a relatively short period of time. While the participants in this study self-selected training programs, the evidenced positive effects can be at least partially related to this fact. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Exercise Rehabilitation)
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8 pages, 298 KiB  
Article
Aquatic Exercise and Land Exercise Treatments after Total Knee Replacement Arthroplasty in Elderly Women: A Comparative Study
by Chang-Hyung Lee and In-Hye Kim
Medicina 2021, 57(6), 589; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57060589 - 8 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4118
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Early intensive exercise after total knee replacement arthroplasty (TKRA) has become increasingly popular due to its ability to enhance knee physical function and reduce pain. When implemented exclusively, aquatic exercise (AE) appears to be more advantageous than land exercise [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Early intensive exercise after total knee replacement arthroplasty (TKRA) has become increasingly popular due to its ability to enhance knee physical function and reduce pain. When implemented exclusively, aquatic exercise (AE) appears to be more advantageous than land exercise (LE), particularly in the early phase after TKRA. Our study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of AE and LE with respect to their effects on pain and physical function after TKRA. Materials and Methods: Between February 2008 and January 2020, 100 female patients who underwent TKRA were enrolled in this retrospective study. We measured the range of motion (ROM) of the knee, the isokinetic strength of the knee joint (function), and pain both initially and one month after TKRA. Two weeks after TKRA, the participants were enrolled in either the AE or the LE program for a total of two weeks. Two 30 min sessions of intensive ROM and knee strengthening exercises and balance training were provided to the AE and LE groups for 10 days. The home exercise group (HE) only received information on ROM and strengthening exercises. There were 33, 21, and 46 patients allocated to the AE, LE, and HE groups, respectively. Results: The ROM of the side on which surgery was performed improved significantly in all groups, as did the pain scores. In the AE group, the knee flexor strength showed a tendency toward improvement. Contrastingly, there was no significant improvement in the knee extensor strength in the AE group. Conclusions: Overall, the AE and LE groups showed superior outcomes compared with HE. In addition, the AE group demonstrated some improvement in knee muscle strength even with a short hospital stay. Further study with long-term follow-up should be performed to better define the outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Exercise Rehabilitation)
15 pages, 920 KiB  
Article
Higher Impulse Electromyostimulation Contributes to Psychological Satisfaction and Physical Development in Healthy Men
by Kangho Kim, Denny Eun and Yong-Seok Jee
Medicina 2021, 57(3), 191; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57030191 - 25 Feb 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2260
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study investigated the various impulse effects of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on psychophysiological responses and adaptations. Materials and Methods: The participants included fifty-four men between 20 and 27 years of age who practiced isometric exercises for 20 min, [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: This study investigated the various impulse effects of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on psychophysiological responses and adaptations. Materials and Methods: The participants included fifty-four men between 20 and 27 years of age who practiced isometric exercises for 20 min, three days a week, for 12 weeks while wearing WB-EMS suits, which enabled the simultaneous activation of eight muscle groups with three types of impulse intensities. Participants were allocated to one of four groups: control group (CON), low-impulse-intensity group (LIG), mid-impulse-intensity group (MIG), and high-impulse-intensity group (HIG). Psychophysiological conditions were measured at week 0, week 4, week 8, and week 12. Results: Compared with the CON, (1) three psychological conditions in LIG, MIG, and HIG showed positive tendencies every four weeks, and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test revealed that body image (p = 0.004), body shape (p = 0.007), and self-esteem (p = 0.001) were significantly different among the groups. (2) Body weight, fat mass, body mass index, and percent fat in the CON showed decreasing tendencies, whereas those in LIG, MIG, and HIG showed a noticeable decrease, which revealed that there were significant differences among the groups. Specifically, a higher impulse intensity resulted in a greater increase in muscle mass. (3) Although there was no interaction effect in the abdominal visceral fat area, there were significant interactions in the abdominal subcutaneous fat (ASF) and total fat (ATF) areas. Both the ASF and ATF in the CON showed decreasing tendencies, whereas those in other groups showed a noticeable decrease. The ANCOVA revealed that the ASF (p = 0.002) and ATF (p = 0.001) were significantly different among the groups. In particular, the higher the impulse intensity, the greater the decrease in abdominal fat. Conclusions: This study confirmed that high-impulse-intensity EMS can improve psychophysiological conditions. In other words, healthy young adults felt that the extent to which their body image, body shape, and self-esteem improved depended on how intense their EMS impulse intensities were. The results also showed that higher levels of impulse intensity led to improved physical conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Exercise Rehabilitation)
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11 pages, 334 KiB  
Article
Twelve-Weeks of Bench-Step Exercise Training Ameliorates Cardiopulmonary Fitness and Mood State in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study
by Yu-Chi Kuo, Dan-Yan Chang and Yi-Hung Liao
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57020149 - 7 Feb 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1836
Abstract
Background and objectives: Unhealthy, physically inactive lifestyles increase the risk of future cardiovascular events and impaired physical fitness in individuals with schizophrenia. Insufficient literature exists to provide fundamental information about appropriate exercise training modality for this population. This pilot study preliminarily investigated the [...] Read more.
Background and objectives: Unhealthy, physically inactive lifestyles increase the risk of future cardiovascular events and impaired physical fitness in individuals with schizophrenia. Insufficient literature exists to provide fundamental information about appropriate exercise training modality for this population. This pilot study preliminarily investigated the effects of a 12-week moderate-intensity bench-step exercise training (BSET) program on cardiopulmonary fitness, mood state, and cognition in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with schizophrenia completed this study. The participants were allocated into either bench-step exercise-training (BSET; N = 14) or control (CTRL; N = 14) groups according to their preferences. The BSET group received a 12-week bench-step intervention, whereas the CTRL group did not participate in any training. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), 6-min walk test (6MWD), and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) were assessed at baseline (PRE) and at the end of the intervention (POST) to determine mood state, endurance fitness, and attention, respectively. Results: After a 12-week BSET intervention, the 6MWD was significantly increased in the BSET (p = 0.007) but not in the CTRL (p > 0.05). The participants with BSET intervention showed a significant decrease in BDI-II at the end of the intervention (p = 0.03). However, SDMT scores were not different in both BSET and CTRL (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the 12-week intervention of moderate-intensity bench-step exercise training (frequency: 1 session/week; each session of 30 min; step cadence: 96 beats/min) might effectively enhance cardiopulmonary fitness and mood state in patients with schizophrenia. However, attention did not change after the bench-step exercise intervention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Exercise Rehabilitation)
14 pages, 815 KiB  
Article
A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Effects of Equine Simulator Riding on Low Back Pain, Morphological Changes, and Trunk Musculature in Elderly Women
by Sihwa Park, Sunhee Park, Sukyung Min, Chang-Ju Kim and Yong-Seok Jee
Medicina 2020, 56(11), 610; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56110610 - 13 Nov 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3425
Abstract
Background and objectives: Studies on the effects of an equine riding simulator (ERS) program on back pain, spinal alignment, and isokinetic moments in subjects with chronic low back pain (CLBP) remain limited. The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in elderly [...] Read more.
Background and objectives: Studies on the effects of an equine riding simulator (ERS) program on back pain, spinal alignment, and isokinetic moments in subjects with chronic low back pain (CLBP) remain limited. The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in elderly women with CLBP who participate in an ERS program. Materials and Methods: The 80 participants were all women aged 61–84 years who were randomly assigned to either the control group (CON) or ERS group (ERSG). ERS exercise was performed for a duration of 12 weeks (three times each week). The degree of pain was measured using the Oswestry Disability Index and the visual analog scale. Body composition and spinal alignment were measured using bioelectrical impedance and raster stereography. The isokinetic moments of trunk extensor and flexor were measured before and after the training period. Results: The ERSG showed a significant decrease in back pain compared to the CON. There was a significant decrease in levels of fat in the ERSG, although no differences were shown in terms of muscle mass. However, there was an increased basal metabolic rate (BMR) in the ERSG. Spinal alignment in the ERSG significantly improved. The peak torques of the trunk extensor in the ERSG were also significantly increased. Conclusion: It can be inferred that the ERS exercise can decrease fat and improve the trunk extensor strength through increased BMR, leading to better spinal alignment and reducing back pain in elderly women with CLBP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Exercise Rehabilitation)
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8 pages, 709 KiB  
Systematic Review
Systematic Review Shows Tele-Rehabilitation Might Achieve Comparable Results to Office-Based Rehabilitation for Decreasing Pain in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
by Tamila Latif-Zade, Brian Tucci, Danna Verbovetskaya, Elizabeth Bialkin, Brian Ng, Stephan Heddon and Jean-Philippe Berteau
Medicina 2021, 57(8), 764; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080764 - 28 Jul 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3210
Abstract
Background and Objectives This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of Tele-Rehabilitation for decreasing pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Materials and Methods: Following the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), three electronic databases (CINAHL, [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of Tele-Rehabilitation for decreasing pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Materials and Methods: Following the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), three electronic databases (CINAHL, PubMed, PEDro), along with the addition of grey literature, were used to collect information. Randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing tele-rehabilitation (TR) to office-based-rehabilitation (OB) were critically appraised using the 2005 University of Oxford Standard. A total of 139 articles (PubMed = 132, CINAHL = 5, PEDro = 0, grey literature = 2) were acquired. Results: After the screening, three RCTs were included in our review. Their results show no statistically significant differences between TR and OB intervention. Furthermore, their results showed an overall reduction in pain in both groups from the baseline to the end of the study. However, each intervention’s clinical efficiency was dependent on the exercise protocol itself and not on the method of delivery. There is a potential ceiling effect to the amount of therapy a patient can receive in which additional therapy would no longer lead to improved recovery. Conclusions: Our review suggests evidence that TR’s efficacy is similar to that of OB for improvement of WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) score parameters in patients suffering from knee OA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Exercise Rehabilitation)
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