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Medicina
Special Issues
Updates on Risk Factors and Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease
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Updates on Risk Factors and Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 August 2025 | Viewed by 794

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Antoniu Petris

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
Interests: echocardiography; coronary artery disease; heart failure; acute pulmonary thromboembolism; intensive care in cardiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Valentin Chioncel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: cardiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Despite all our accumulated knowledge, ischemic coronary disease continues to represent one of the most widespread pathologies, with a very high mortality and morbidity. Acquiring detailed knowledge of risk factors and their control is crucial both in the management of this disease and in placing patients in risk groups in order to prevent the occurrence of this pathology or its complications. Thus, to expand on the enormous progress made in diagnosis and therapy in coronary artery disease, it is extremely important that we develop preventive measures and strategies to control this major health problem.

Our main objectives for this Special Issue are to update the knowledge related to the control of risk factors and to discuss the most effective prevention strategies, as well as modern treatment methods, in this very challenging pathology, emphasizing the clinical impacts on patient outcomes.

I welcome original research, reviews, and other types of articles that contribute to our understanding and the advancement of knowledge in the field of coronary artery disease, focusing on the issues listed above.

Dr. Antoniu Petris
Guest Editor

Dr. Valentin Chioncel
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • coronary artery disease
  • risk prediction
  • diabetes mellitus
  • hypertension
  • dyslipidemia
  • prevention
  • coronary angioplasty

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1636 KiB  
Article
Cardiovascular Risk in People Living with HIV: A Preliminary Case Study from Romania
by Manuela Arbune, Alina Plesea-Condratovici, Anca-Adriana Arbune, Geanina Andronache, Catalin Plesea-Condratovici and Cristian Gutu
Medicina 2025, 61(8), 1468; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61081468 - 15 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background and Objectives: AIDS-related mortality has significantly decreased due to antiretroviral therapy (ART), leading to a substantial increase in average lifespan. Consequently, cardiovascular diseases have become a growing concern among people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aimed to assess the cardiovascular risk [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: AIDS-related mortality has significantly decreased due to antiretroviral therapy (ART), leading to a substantial increase in average lifespan. Consequently, cardiovascular diseases have become a growing concern among people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aimed to assess the cardiovascular risk profile of people living with HIV receiving ART and to explore the association between traditional and HIV-related factors with increased cardiovascular risk. Materials and Methods: We conducted a case study involving 112 PLWH receiving ART at a specialized clinic in southeastern Romania to estimate cardiovascular risk (CVR) using the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D®) score. For participants aged 40 and above, the SCORE2 algorithm was additionally applied. Results: Most participants were male and under 40 years of age, including 34 individuals from Romania’s distinct pediatric HIV cohort. We observed a substantial cardiovascular risk burden: abdominal obesity was present in 24.1% of participants, active smoking was reported by 55.4%, and over 70% had low physical activity levels. Among participants aged 40 and above, the D:A:D® and SCORE2 scores were strongly correlated, with an average cardiovascular age exceeding chronological age by a mean of 7.5 years. Although CVR remained similarly low among subgroups of PLWH under 40, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in patients from the pediatric cohort compared to those diagnosed later. Traditional risk factors—such as age, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, and alcohol use—as well as elevated C-reactive protein levels, were significantly associated with increased CVR. Conclusions: Residual inflammation in PLWH, despite complete viral suppression in combination with metabolic syndrome, is associated with increased cardiovascular risk even in younger and clinically stable populations. Routine integration of metabolic and cardiovascular risk screening into HIV care may support timely prevention and personalized management strategies starting at an early age. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Risk Factors and Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease)
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10 pages, 945 KiB  
Article
Prevalence of Severe Hypercholesterolemia and Familial Hypercholesterolemia Phenotype in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
by Urtė Aliošaitienė, Aleksandras Laucevičius, Urtė Smailytė, Egidija Rinkūnienė, Roma Puronaitė, Jūratė Barysienė and Žaneta Petrulionienė
Medicina 2025, 61(4), 681; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61040681 - 7 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of death and disability around the world. Hypercholesterolemia is an established and widely prevalent risk factor; however, the prevalence of severe hypercholesterolemia (which is characteristic for familial hypercholesterolemia) has [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of death and disability around the world. Hypercholesterolemia is an established and widely prevalent risk factor; however, the prevalence of severe hypercholesterolemia (which is characteristic for familial hypercholesterolemia) has been studied far less. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of severe hypercholesterolemia among patients with acute coronary syndrome. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of patients hospitalised at Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos due to acute coronary syndrome was performed. Data were attained from an electronic medical history database. Data such as sex, age, cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes) and low-density cholesterol results were collected. Severe hypercholesterolemia was defined as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels ≥ 4.9 mmol/L. Results: A total of 34,669 patients were included in this study (12,115 females (34.9%) and 22554 (65.1%) males, p < 0.001). The median age of the entire study population was 67 years. A total of 3434 patients (9.9%) had severe hypercholesterolemia, 371 (1.1%) patients met the criteria for phenotypically probable familial hypercholesterolemia, and 36 (0.1%) patients presented with phenotypically definite familial hypercholesterolemia. The most common concomitant risk factor in this study was arterial hypertension, which was found in 48% of patients. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, severe hypercholesterolemia is prevalent among patients with acute coronary syndrome, with as many as 9.9% of patients presenting with severe hypercholesterolemia at the time of hospitalisation. The definite familial hypercholesterolemia phenotype is scarcer, with prevalence reaching 0.1% of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Risk Factors and Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease)
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Review

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19 pages, 1890 KiB  
Review
Coronary Angioplasty with Drug-Coated Balloons: Pharmacological Foundations, Clinical Efficacy, and Future Directions
by Valentin Chioncel, Flavius Gherasie, Alexandru Iancu and Anamaria-Georgiana Avram
Medicina 2025, 61(8), 1470; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61081470 - 15 Aug 2025
Abstract
Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) have transformed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by delivering antiproliferative drugs directly to the arterial wall, offering a stent-less approach that mitigates the risks associated with permanent metallic implants. Initially developed for in-stent restenosis (ISR), DCBs have demonstrated robust efficacy in [...] Read more.
Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) have transformed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by delivering antiproliferative drugs directly to the arterial wall, offering a stent-less approach that mitigates the risks associated with permanent metallic implants. Initially developed for in-stent restenosis (ISR), DCBs have demonstrated robust efficacy in reducing neointimal hyperplasia and target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates across diverse coronary lesions, including small vessel disease (SVD), de novo lesions, and complex anatomies such as bifurcation lesions. Paclitaxel-coated balloons have long been the cornerstone of DCB therapy due to their established clinical outcomes, but sirolimus-coated balloons are emerging as a promising alternative with potentially superior safety profiles and sustained drug release. The pharmacological mechanism of DCBs relies on rapid drug transfer during brief balloon inflation, achieving high local concentrations without residual foreign material. Landmark trials, such as BASKET-SMALL 2, RESTORE SVD, and AGENT IDE, have demonstrated comparable or non-inferior outcomes of DCBs versus drug-eluting stents (DESs) in specific settings, with lower rates of stent thrombosis and shorter dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) requirements. Despite these advances, challenges persist, including optimizing drug formulations, ensuring uniform delivery, and addressing calcified lesions. Ongoing research into novel coatings, dual–drug systems, and artificial intelligence (AI)-guided interventions is poised to redefine PCI strategies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty, not limited to specific clinical scenarios such as in-stent restenosis, small vessel disease, or bifurcation lesions, highlighting their transformative role in coronary artery disease (CAD) management. Instead, it addresses the full spectrum of pharmacological principles, mechanisms of action, clinical indications, comparative efficacy across various coronary artery disease contexts, and future directions of DCBs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Risk Factors and Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease)
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