Deep Learning in Image Processing and Scientific Computing

A special issue of Mathematics (ISSN 2227-7390). This special issue belongs to the section "E1: Mathematics and Computer Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2025) | Viewed by 4517

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Department of Information Science Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
Interests: inverse problem; sensing and imaging; machine learning
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Guest Editor
School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
Interests: computer vision; machine learning; deep learning; multimedia analysis; image synthesis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent advancements in the application of deep neural networks in large-scale visual recognition challenges, as well as in other domains, has led to an explosion of research in the field of deep learning. Deep-learning-related research is revolutionizing various industries and domains. The success of deep learning models can be attributed to several factors, including the availability of large-scale datasets, advances in computing power, and innovations in model architectures. Various deep learning architectures have been proposed over the last decade to tackle different types of tasks, such as convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, graph neural networks, and transformers. While the empirical success of these architectures is evident, researchers are also endeavoring to understand the theoretical principles underlying these deep learning successes. Some ongoing research areas include the theoretical understanding of generalization, interpretable deep learning, robustness and adversarial attacks, training efficiency and transfer learning, etc.

The primary objective of this Special Issue is to address cutting-edge advancements in the rapidly evolving field of deep learning. In particular, we invite authors to submit papers that showcase the robustness and generalizability of their models or methodologies. By gathering such diverse and innovative works, we aim to present a compelling collection that captures the forefront of deep learning research. We welcome both original research contributions and review articles.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • General deep learning: supervised, semi-, and self-supervised learning, meta learning, active learning, transfer learning, few-shot learning, continual learning, efficient deep learning, etc.
  • Deep learning architectures: convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, graph neural networks, and Transformers, etc.
  • Trustworthy deep learning: generalization, interpretability, accountability, fairness, privacy, robustness and adversarial attacks, etc.
  • Image and video understanding: image retrieval and classification, object detection and localization, action recognition, etc.
  • Image and video synthesis: manipulation, generation, rendering, restoration, enhancement, and visualization
  • Deep learning in imaging applications: medical, biological, electronic imaging, remote sensing, etc.
  • Deep learning for scientific computing: climate, health, life sciences, physics, social sciences, etc.

Dr. Xuqing Wu
Dr. Siyu Huang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • machine learning
  • deep learning
  • neural networks
  • computer vision
  • image processing
  • AI-generated content
  • AI for science

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

31 pages, 9679 KB  
Article
Weather-Corrupted Image Enhancement with Removal-Raindrop Diffusion and Mutual Image Translation Modules
by Young-Ho Go and Sung-Hak Lee
Mathematics 2025, 13(19), 3176; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13193176 - 3 Oct 2025
Viewed by 314
Abstract
Artificial intelligence-based image processing is critical for sensor fusion and image transformation in mobility systems. Advanced driver assistance functions such as forward monitoring and digital side mirrors are essential for driving safety. Degradation due to raindrops, fog, and high-dynamic range (HDR) imbalance caused [...] Read more.
Artificial intelligence-based image processing is critical for sensor fusion and image transformation in mobility systems. Advanced driver assistance functions such as forward monitoring and digital side mirrors are essential for driving safety. Degradation due to raindrops, fog, and high-dynamic range (HDR) imbalance caused by lighting changes impairs visibility and reduces object recognition and distance estimation accuracy. This paper proposes a diffusion framework to enhance visibility under multi-degradation conditions. The denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) offers more stable training and high-resolution restoration than the generative adversarial networks. The DDPM relies on large-scale paired datasets, which are difficult to obtain in raindrop scenarios. This framework applies the Palette diffusion model, comprising data augmentation and raindrop-removal modules. The data augmentation module generates raindrop image masks and learns inpainting-based raindrop synthesis. Synthetic masks simulate raindrop patterns and HDR imbalance scenarios. The raindrop-removal module reconfigures the Palette architecture for image-to-image translation, incorporating the augmented synthetic dataset for raindrop removal learning. Loss functions and normalization strategies improve restoration stability and removal performance. During inference, the framework operates with a single conditional input, and an efficient sampling strategy is introduced to significantly accelerate the process. In post-processing, tone adjustment and chroma compensation enhance visual consistency. The proposed method preserves fine structural details and outperforms existing approaches in visual quality, improving the robustness of vision systems under adverse conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Learning in Image Processing and Scientific Computing)
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34 pages, 7519 KB  
Article
A Hybrid Image Augmentation Technique for User- and Environment-Independent Hand Gesture Recognition Based on Deep Learning
by Baiti-Ahmad Awaluddin, Chun-Tang Chao and Juing-Shian Chiou
Mathematics 2024, 12(9), 1393; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12091393 - 2 May 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3196
Abstract
This research stems from the increasing use of hand gestures in various applications, such as sign language recognition to electronic device control. The focus is the importance of accuracy and robustness in recognizing hand gestures to avoid misinterpretation and instruction errors. However, many [...] Read more.
This research stems from the increasing use of hand gestures in various applications, such as sign language recognition to electronic device control. The focus is the importance of accuracy and robustness in recognizing hand gestures to avoid misinterpretation and instruction errors. However, many experiments on hand gesture recognition are conducted in limited laboratory environments, which do not fully reflect the everyday use of hand gestures. Therefore, the importance of an ideal background in hand gesture recognition, involving only the signer without any distracting background, is highlighted. In the real world, the use of hand gestures involves various unique environmental conditions, including differences in background colors, varying lighting conditions, and different hand gesture positions. However, the datasets available to train hand gesture recognition models often lack sufficient variability, thereby hindering the development of accurate and adaptable systems. This research aims to develop a robust hand gesture recognition model capable of operating effectively in diverse real-world environments. By leveraging deep learning-based image augmentation techniques, the study seeks to enhance the accuracy of hand gesture recognition by simulating various environmental conditions. Through data duplication and augmentation methods, including background, geometric, and lighting adjustments, the diversity of the primary dataset is expanded to improve the effectiveness of model training. It is important to note that the utilization of the green screen technique, combined with geometric and lighting augmentation, significantly contributes to the model’s ability to recognize hand gestures accurately. The research results show a significant improvement in accuracy, especially with implementing the proposed green screen technique, underscoring its effectiveness in adapting to various environmental contexts. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of adjusting augmentation techniques to the dataset’s characteristics for optimal performance. These findings provide valuable insights into the practical application of hand gesture recognition technology and pave the way for further research in tailoring techniques to datasets with varying complexities and environmental variations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Learning in Image Processing and Scientific Computing)
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