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Structure, Properties, and Applications of Optical Glass and Fiber

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2023) | Viewed by 7911

Special Issue Editor

1. State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an 710119, China
2. Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Interests: glass science and technology; optical materials; mid-infrared soft glasses and fibers; laser–matter interaction; laser-induced damage mechanism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Glassmakers throughout history have experimented with glass, a non-crystalline, often transparent amorphous solid, but it was not until the last century that optical glass and fiber began to have an unparalleled impact on human civilization through revolutionarily advancing the development of optical and optics technology. This was achieved through widespread technological use in, for example, optical imaging and displaying, solid-state and fiber lasers, optical amplifiers, fiber-optical telecommunication, sensing, and optics.

Optical glasses and fibers not only transmit light, but can amplify light and produce a novel light source that covers a wide spectral range from ultraviolet to infrared, depending on the glass host systems and fabrication techniques. The glass host systems include, but are not limited to, silica, silicate, borate, phosphate, fluorophosphate, fluoride, heavy metal oxide glasses (tellurite, germanate, gallate, bismuthate, etc.), and chalcogenide glass. The glass composition and structure co-determine the thermal, mechanical, physic-chemical, and optical properties (refractive index and dispersion, transmission window, optical absorption, stress/thermo/magneto/acousto-optic coefficients, etc.) of the produced glasses. For optical fibers, no matter step index or photonic crystal fiber, solid or hollow core fiber, their structural parameters and fabrication techniques play equally important roles in controlling their properties, e.g., zero dispersion and cutoff wavelength, attenuation, birefringence, and nonlinearity, etc. The very high flexibility in regulation of their performance through composition–structure tailoring makes optical glass fibers find increasingly wide applications in high-power laser producing, amplifying, transforming, and advanced fiber sensing, as well as generation of novel supercontinuum light sources, etc.

This Special Issue aims to present the latest works and findings in the research and development of optical glasses and fibers which give important contributions to the development of scientific research in the field of glass science and technology and fiber photonics. We invite a wide range of research on optical glasses and fibers: from fabrication, structure, and properties to their potential applications.

Within the scope of this Special Issue, it is our pleasure to invite you to submit original research papers, short communications, or state-of-the-art reviews. 

Prof. Dr. Pengfei Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • optical and laser glass
  • rare-earth doped glass and fiber
  • mid-infrared glass and fiber
  • photonic crystal fiber
  • polarization-maintaining fiber, glass structure
  • optical properties
  • fiber optics

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 9417 KiB  
Article
Peculiarity of the Structure and Luminescence of Glasses in La2S3-Ga2S3-GeS2:Pr3+ System
by Andrey Tverjanovich and Egor Smirnov
Materials 2023, 16(22), 7094; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16227094 - 09 Nov 2023
Viewed by 522
Abstract
The effect of modifying the composition of a glass matrix based on the Ga2S3-GeS2:Pr3+ system due to the addition of La2S3 on the structure and the optical and luminescent properties of these glasses [...] Read more.
The effect of modifying the composition of a glass matrix based on the Ga2S3-GeS2:Pr3+ system due to the addition of La2S3 on the structure and the optical and luminescent properties of these glasses has been studied. It has been shown that the addition of La2S3 leads to changes in the nearest structural environment of Ga, Ge, and S and increases the degree of ionicity of the bonds of the Pr3+ ion. Despite the existence of a large glass formation region in the Ga2S3-GeS2-La2S3 system and the structural and chemical similarity of La and Pr, La2S3 does not promote a more uniform distribution of Pr3+ ions in the glass matrix, and thus does not reduce the concentration quenching of the luminescence of Pr3+ ions. However, the addition of La2S3 increases the probability of emission of Pr3+ ions and decreases the radiative lifetime. Additionally, it was shown that, when studying the structure and luminescent properties of glasses with La, it is necessary to take into account a significant concentration of rare earth traces (Pr and Nd). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structure, Properties, and Applications of Optical Glass and Fiber)
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11 pages, 1279 KiB  
Article
Arrhenius Crossover Temperature of Glass-Forming Liquids Predicted by an Artificial Neural Network
by Bulat N. Galimzyanov, Maria A. Doronina and Anatolii V. Mokshin
Materials 2023, 16(3), 1127; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031127 - 28 Jan 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1889
Abstract
The Arrhenius crossover temperature, TA, corresponds to a thermodynamic state wherein the atomistic dynamics of a liquid becomes heterogeneous and cooperative; and the activation barrier of diffusion dynamics becomes temperature-dependent at temperatures below TA. The theoretical estimation of this [...] Read more.
The Arrhenius crossover temperature, TA, corresponds to a thermodynamic state wherein the atomistic dynamics of a liquid becomes heterogeneous and cooperative; and the activation barrier of diffusion dynamics becomes temperature-dependent at temperatures below TA. The theoretical estimation of this temperature is difficult for some types of materials, especially silicates and borates. In these materials, self-diffusion as a function of the temperature T is reproduced by the Arrhenius law, where the activation barrier practically independent on the temperature T. The purpose of the present work was to establish the relationship between the Arrhenius crossover temperature TA and the physical properties of liquids directly related to their glass-forming ability. Using a machine learning model, the crossover temperature TA was calculated for silicates, borates, organic compounds and metal melts of various compositions. The empirical values of the glass transition temperature Tg, the melting temperature Tm, the ratio of these temperatures Tg/Tm and the fragility index m were applied as input parameters. It has been established that the temperatures Tg and Tm are significant parameters, whereas their ratio Tg/Tm and the fragility index m do not correlate much with the temperature TA. An important result of the present work is the analytical equation relating the temperatures Tg, Tm and TA, and that, from the algebraic point of view, is the equation for a second-order curved surface. It was shown that this equation allows one to correctly estimate the temperature TA for a large class of materials, regardless of their compositions and glass-forming abilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structure, Properties, and Applications of Optical Glass and Fiber)
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10 pages, 2431 KiB  
Article
Poling of Glasses Using Resistive Barrier Discharge Plasma
by Sergey A. Scherbak, Vladimir P. Kaasik, Valentina V. Zhurikhina and Andrey A. Lipovskii
Materials 2022, 15(23), 8620; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238620 - 02 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 941
Abstract
A technique for poling of glasses using a resistive barrier discharge plasma in the atmosphere in a gap of hundreds of microns is presented. Measurements of the polarization current, second harmonic generation, and IR spectra of poled soda-lime glass slides show that voltage [...] Read more.
A technique for poling of glasses using a resistive barrier discharge plasma in the atmosphere in a gap of hundreds of microns is presented. Measurements of the polarization current, second harmonic generation, and IR spectra of poled soda-lime glass slides show that voltage sufficient to ignite plasma discharge provides efficient poling, whereas for lower voltages the poling effect is close to zero. We attributed this to the large number of hydrogen/hydronium ions generated from atmospheric water vapor by the plasma discharge in the gap, which penetrate into the glass. We also developed a simple model of poling according to Ohm’s law, analyzed the temporal dependencies of the polarization current and, basing on the model, estimated mobilities of hydrogen/hydronium and sodium ions in the glass: μH = (2.4 ± 0.8) × 10−18 m2V−1s−1 and μNa = (4.8 ± 1.8) × 10−15 m2V−1s−1. The values obtained are very close to the known literature data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structure, Properties, and Applications of Optical Glass and Fiber)
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10 pages, 4554 KiB  
Article
Interfacial Reaction Mechanism between Ceramic Mould and Single Crystal Superalloy for Manufacturing Turbine Blade
by Jiansheng Yao, Longpei Dong, Zhenqiang Wu, Lili Wang, Bin Shen and Xiaowei Yang
Materials 2022, 15(16), 5514; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15165514 - 11 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1300
Abstract
Single crystal superalloys are the preferred materials for manufacturing turbine blades of advanced aero-engines, due to their excellent high temperature comprehensive performance. The interfacial reaction between alloys and ceramic mould are an important factor to influence the surface quality and service performance of [...] Read more.
Single crystal superalloys are the preferred materials for manufacturing turbine blades of advanced aero-engines, due to their excellent high temperature comprehensive performance. The interfacial reaction between alloys and ceramic mould are an important factor to influence the surface quality and service performance of the turbine blade. It is very important to reveal the interfacial reaction mechanism to improve turbine blade quality and yield rate. In this paper, the interfacial reactions between DD6 single crystal superalloy and ceramic mould were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The results show that the main reaction products were HfO2, Al2O3 and Y3Al5O12 when the yttrium oxide powders were the prime coat materials, while alloy surface suffered undesirable sand fusion; the thicknesses of the reaction layers were over 20 μm. The reaction layer can be divided into two layers, the layer close to the alloy was mainly composed of Al2O3 and Y3Al5O12, and the layer close to the mould was composed of SiO2, Al2O3 and Y3Al5O12. Avoiding the formation of Y2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 ternary low-melts can solve the interfacial reaction between DD6 alloy and yttrium oxide mould. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structure, Properties, and Applications of Optical Glass and Fiber)
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Review

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23 pages, 5404 KiB  
Review
Advances in Silica-Based Large Mode Area and Polarization-Maintaining Photonic Crystal Fiber Research
by Yuan Ma, Rui Wan, Shengwu Li, Liqing Yang and Pengfei Wang
Materials 2022, 15(4), 1558; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15041558 - 18 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2238
Abstract
In recent years, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have attracted increasing attention. Compared with traditional optical fibers, PCFs exhibit many unique optical properties and superior performance due to their high degree of structural design freedom. Using large-mode area (LMA) fibers with single-mode operation is [...] Read more.
In recent years, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have attracted increasing attention. Compared with traditional optical fibers, PCFs exhibit many unique optical properties and superior performance due to their high degree of structural design freedom. Using large-mode area (LMA) fibers with single-mode operation is essential to overcoming emerging problems as the power of fiber lasers scales up, which can effectively reduce the power density and mitigate the influence of nonlinear effects. With a brief introduction of the concept, classification, light transmission mechanism, basic properties, and theoretical analysis methods of PCFs, this paper mainly compiles the worldwide development of large-mode area and polarization-maintaining (PM) PCFs, and finally proposes possible technical routes to realize the single-mode operation of LMA-PCFs and PM-LMA-PCFs. Finally, the future development prospects of the PCFs are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structure, Properties, and Applications of Optical Glass and Fiber)
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